riscv.c

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include "config.h"
#endif
 
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
 
 
#include <helper/log.h>
#include <helper/time_support.h>
#include "target/target.h"
#include "target/algorithm.h"
#include "target/target_type.h"
#include <target/smp.h>
#include "jtag/jtag.h"
#include "target/register.h"
#include "target/breakpoints.h"
#include "helper/base64.h"
#include "helper/time_support.h"
#include "riscv.h"
#include "riscv_reg.h"
#include "program.h"
#include "gdb_regs.h"
#include "rtos/rtos.h"
#include "debug_defines.h"
#include <helper/bits.h>
#include "field_helpers.h"
 
/*** JTAG registers. ***/
 
#define DTMCONTROL                  0x10
#define DTMCONTROL_VERSION          (0xf)
 
#define DBUS                        0x11
 
#define RISCV_TRIGGER_HIT_NOT_FOUND ((int64_t)-1)
 
#define RISCV_HALT_GROUP_REPOLL_LIMIT 5
 
static uint8_t ir_dtmcontrol[4] = {DTMCONTROL};
struct scan_field select_dtmcontrol = {
    .in_value = NULL,
    .out_value = ir_dtmcontrol
};
static uint8_t ir_dbus[4] = {DBUS};
struct scan_field select_dbus = {
    .in_value = NULL,
    .out_value = ir_dbus
};
static uint8_t ir_idcode[4] = {0x1};
struct scan_field select_idcode = {
    .in_value = NULL,
    .out_value = ir_idcode
};
 
static bscan_tunnel_type_t bscan_tunnel_type;
#define BSCAN_TUNNEL_IR_WIDTH_NBITS 7
uint8_t bscan_tunnel_ir_width; /* if zero, then tunneling is not present/active */
static int bscan_tunnel_ir_id; /* IR ID of the JTAG TAP to access the tunnel. Valid when not 0 */
 
static const uint8_t bscan_zero[4] = {0};
static const uint8_t bscan_one[4] = {1};
 
static uint8_t ir_user4[4];
static struct scan_field select_user4 = {
    .in_value = NULL,
    .out_value = ir_user4
};
 
 
static struct scan_field _bscan_tunnel_data_register_select_dmi[] = {
        {
            .num_bits = 3,
            .out_value = bscan_zero,
            .in_value = NULL,
        },
        {
            .num_bits = 5, /* initialized in riscv_init_target to ir width of DM */
            .out_value = ir_dbus,
            .in_value = NULL,
        },
        {
            .num_bits = BSCAN_TUNNEL_IR_WIDTH_NBITS,
            .out_value = &bscan_tunnel_ir_width,
            .in_value = NULL,
        },
        {
            .num_bits = 1,
            .out_value = bscan_zero,
            .in_value = NULL,
        }
};
 
static struct scan_field _bscan_tunnel_nested_tap_select_dmi[] = {
        {
            .num_bits = 1,
            .out_value = bscan_zero,
            .in_value = NULL,
        },
        {
            .num_bits = BSCAN_TUNNEL_IR_WIDTH_NBITS,
            .out_value = &bscan_tunnel_ir_width,
            .in_value = NULL,
        },
        {
            .num_bits = 0, /* initialized in riscv_init_target to ir width of DM */
            .out_value = ir_dbus,
            .in_value = NULL,
        },
        {
            .num_bits = 3,
            .out_value = bscan_zero,
            .in_value = NULL,
        }
};
static struct scan_field *bscan_tunnel_nested_tap_select_dmi = _bscan_tunnel_nested_tap_select_dmi;
static uint32_t bscan_tunnel_nested_tap_select_dmi_num_fields = ARRAY_SIZE(_bscan_tunnel_nested_tap_select_dmi);
 
static struct scan_field *bscan_tunnel_data_register_select_dmi = _bscan_tunnel_data_register_select_dmi;
static uint32_t bscan_tunnel_data_register_select_dmi_num_fields = ARRAY_SIZE(_bscan_tunnel_data_register_select_dmi);
 
struct trigger {
    uint64_t address;
    uint32_t length;
    uint64_t mask;
    uint64_t value;
    bool is_read, is_write, is_execute;
    int unique_id;
};
 
struct tdata2_cache {
    struct list_head elem_tdata2;
    riscv_reg_t tdata2;
};
 
struct tdata1_cache {
    riscv_reg_t tdata1;
    struct list_head tdata2_cache_head;
    struct list_head elem_tdata1;
};
 
bool riscv_virt2phys_mode_is_hw(const struct target *target)
{
    assert(target);
    RISCV_INFO(r);
    return r->virt2phys_mode == RISCV_VIRT2PHYS_MODE_HW;
}
 
bool riscv_virt2phys_mode_is_sw(const struct target *target)
{
    assert(target);
    RISCV_INFO(r);
    return r->virt2phys_mode == RISCV_VIRT2PHYS_MODE_SW;
}
 
const char *riscv_virt2phys_mode_to_str(enum riscv_virt2phys_mode mode)
{
    assert(mode == RISCV_VIRT2PHYS_MODE_OFF
            || mode == RISCV_VIRT2PHYS_MODE_SW
            || mode == RISCV_VIRT2PHYS_MODE_HW);
 
    static const char *const names[] = {
        [RISCV_VIRT2PHYS_MODE_HW] = "hw",
        [RISCV_VIRT2PHYS_MODE_SW] = "sw",
        [RISCV_VIRT2PHYS_MODE_OFF] = "off",
    };
 
    return names[mode];
}
 
/* Wall-clock timeout for a command/access. Settable via RISC-V Target commands.*/
static int riscv_command_timeout_sec_value = DEFAULT_COMMAND_TIMEOUT_SEC;
 
/* DEPRECATED Wall-clock timeout after reset. Settable via RISC-V Target commands.*/
static int riscv_reset_timeout_sec = DEFAULT_COMMAND_TIMEOUT_SEC;
 
int riscv_get_command_timeout_sec(void)
{
    return MAX(riscv_command_timeout_sec_value, riscv_reset_timeout_sec);
}
 
static enum {
    RO_NORMAL,
    RO_REVERSED
} resume_order;
 
static const virt2phys_info_t sv32 = {
    .name = "Sv32",
    .va_bits = 32,
    .level = 2,
    .pte_shift = 2,
    .vpn_shift = {12, 22},
    .vpn_mask = {0x3ff, 0x3ff},
    .pte_ppn_shift = {10, 20},
    .pte_ppn_mask = {0x3ff, 0xfff},
    .pa_ppn_shift = {12, 22},
    .pa_ppn_mask = {0x3ff, 0xfff},
};
 
static const virt2phys_info_t sv32x4 = {
    .name = "Sv32x4",
    .va_bits = 34,
    .level = 2,
    .pte_shift = 2,
    .vpn_shift = {12, 22},
    .vpn_mask = {0x3ff, 0xfff},
    .pte_ppn_shift = {10, 20},
    .pte_ppn_mask = {0x3ff, 0xfff},
    .pa_ppn_shift = {12, 22},
    .pa_ppn_mask = {0x3ff, 0xfff},
};
 
static const virt2phys_info_t sv39 = {
    .name = "Sv39",
    .va_bits = 39,
    .level = 3,
    .pte_shift = 3,
    .vpn_shift = {12, 21, 30},
    .vpn_mask = {0x1ff, 0x1ff, 0x1ff},
    .pte_ppn_shift = {10, 19, 28},
    .pte_ppn_mask = {0x1ff, 0x1ff, 0x3ffffff},
    .pa_ppn_shift = {12, 21, 30},
    .pa_ppn_mask = {0x1ff, 0x1ff, 0x3ffffff},
};
 
static const virt2phys_info_t sv39x4 = {
    .name = "Sv39x4",
    .va_bits = 41,
    .level = 3,
    .pte_shift = 3,
    .vpn_shift = {12, 21, 30},
    .vpn_mask = {0x1ff, 0x1ff, 0x7ff},
    .pte_ppn_shift = {10, 19, 28},
    .pte_ppn_mask = {0x1ff, 0x1ff, 0x3ffffff},
    .pa_ppn_shift = {12, 21, 30},
    .pa_ppn_mask = {0x1ff, 0x1ff, 0x3ffffff},
};
 
static const virt2phys_info_t sv48 = {
    .name = "Sv48",
    .va_bits = 48,
    .level = 4,
    .pte_shift = 3,
    .vpn_shift = {12, 21, 30, 39},
    .vpn_mask = {0x1ff, 0x1ff, 0x1ff, 0x1ff},
    .pte_ppn_shift = {10, 19, 28, 37},
    .pte_ppn_mask = {0x1ff, 0x1ff, 0x1ff, 0x1ffff},
    .pa_ppn_shift = {12, 21, 30, 39},
    .pa_ppn_mask = {0x1ff, 0x1ff, 0x1ff, 0x1ffff},
};
 
static const virt2phys_info_t sv48x4 = {
    .name = "Sv48x4",
    .va_bits = 50,
    .level = 4,
    .pte_shift = 3,
    .vpn_shift = {12, 21, 30, 39},
    .vpn_mask = {0x1ff, 0x1ff, 0x1ff, 0x7ff},
    .pte_ppn_shift = {10, 19, 28, 37},
    .pte_ppn_mask = {0x1ff, 0x1ff, 0x1ff, 0x1ffff},
    .pa_ppn_shift = {12, 21, 30, 39},
    .pa_ppn_mask = {0x1ff, 0x1ff, 0x1ff, 0x1ffff},
};
 
static const virt2phys_info_t sv57 = {
    .name = "Sv57",
    .va_bits = 57,
    .level = 5,
    .pte_shift = 3,
    .vpn_shift = {12, 21, 30, 39, 48},
    .vpn_mask = {0x1ff, 0x1ff, 0x1ff, 0x1ff, 0x1ff},
    .pte_ppn_shift = {10, 19, 28, 37, 46},
    .pte_ppn_mask = {0x1ff, 0x1ff, 0x1ff, 0x1ff, 0xff},
    .pa_ppn_shift = {12, 21, 30, 39, 48},
    .pa_ppn_mask = {0x1ff, 0x1ff, 0x1ff, 0x1ff, 0x1ff},
};
 
static const virt2phys_info_t sv57x4 = {
    .name = "Sv57x4",
    .va_bits = 59,
    .level = 5,
    .pte_shift = 3,
    .vpn_shift = {12, 21, 30, 39, 48},
    .vpn_mask = {0x1ff, 0x1ff, 0x1ff, 0x1ff, 0x7ff},
    .pte_ppn_shift = {10, 19, 28, 37, 46},
    .pte_ppn_mask = {0x1ff, 0x1ff, 0x1ff, 0x1ff, 0xff},
    .pa_ppn_shift = {12, 21, 30, 39, 48},
    .pa_ppn_mask = {0x1ff, 0x1ff, 0x1ff, 0x1ff, 0xff},
};
 
static enum riscv_halt_reason riscv_halt_reason(struct target *target);
static void riscv_info_init(struct target *target, struct riscv_info *r);
static int riscv_step_rtos_hart(struct target *target);
 
static const riscv_reg_t mstatus_ie_mask = MSTATUS_MIE | MSTATUS_HIE | MSTATUS_SIE | MSTATUS_UIE;
static int riscv_interrupts_disable(struct target *target, riscv_reg_t *old_mstatus);
static int riscv_interrupts_restore(struct target *target, riscv_reg_t old_mstatus);
 
static void riscv_sample_buf_maybe_add_timestamp(struct target *target, bool before)
{
    RISCV_INFO(r);
    uint32_t now = timeval_ms() & 0xffffffff;
    if (r->sample_buf.used + 5 < r->sample_buf.size) {
        if (before)
            r->sample_buf.buf[r->sample_buf.used++] = RISCV_SAMPLE_BUF_TIMESTAMP_BEFORE;
        else
            r->sample_buf.buf[r->sample_buf.used++] = RISCV_SAMPLE_BUF_TIMESTAMP_AFTER;
        r->sample_buf.buf[r->sample_buf.used++] = now & 0xff;
        r->sample_buf.buf[r->sample_buf.used++] = (now >> 8) & 0xff;
        r->sample_buf.buf[r->sample_buf.used++] = (now >> 16) & 0xff;
        r->sample_buf.buf[r->sample_buf.used++] = (now >> 24) & 0xff;
    }
}
 
static int riscv_resume_go_all_harts(struct target *target);
 
void select_dmi_via_bscan(struct jtag_tap *tap)
{
    jtag_add_ir_scan(tap, &select_user4, TAP_IDLE);
    if (bscan_tunnel_type == BSCAN_TUNNEL_DATA_REGISTER)
        jtag_add_dr_scan(tap, bscan_tunnel_data_register_select_dmi_num_fields,
                                        bscan_tunnel_data_register_select_dmi, TAP_IDLE);
    else /* BSCAN_TUNNEL_NESTED_TAP */
        jtag_add_dr_scan(tap, bscan_tunnel_nested_tap_select_dmi_num_fields,
                                        bscan_tunnel_nested_tap_select_dmi, TAP_IDLE);
}
 
static int dtmcs_scan_via_bscan(struct jtag_tap *tap, uint32_t out, uint32_t *in_ptr)
{
    /* On BSCAN TAP: Select IR=USER4, issue tunneled IR scan via BSCAN TAP's DR */
    uint8_t tunneled_dr_width[4] = {32};
    uint8_t out_value[5] = {0};
    uint8_t in_value[5] = {0};
 
    buf_set_u32(out_value, 0, 32, out);
    struct scan_field tunneled_ir[4] = {};
    struct scan_field tunneled_dr[4] = {};
 
    if (bscan_tunnel_type == BSCAN_TUNNEL_DATA_REGISTER) {
        tunneled_ir[0].num_bits = 3;
        tunneled_ir[0].out_value = bscan_zero;
        tunneled_ir[0].in_value = NULL;
        tunneled_ir[1].num_bits = bscan_tunnel_ir_width;
        tunneled_ir[1].out_value = ir_dtmcontrol;
        tunneled_ir[1].in_value = NULL;
        tunneled_ir[2].num_bits = BSCAN_TUNNEL_IR_WIDTH_NBITS;
        tunneled_ir[2].out_value = &bscan_tunnel_ir_width;
        tunneled_ir[2].in_value = NULL;
        tunneled_ir[3].num_bits = 1;
        tunneled_ir[3].out_value = bscan_zero;
        tunneled_ir[3].in_value = NULL;
 
        tunneled_dr[0].num_bits = 3;
        tunneled_dr[0].out_value = bscan_zero;
        tunneled_dr[0].in_value = NULL;
        tunneled_dr[1].num_bits = 32 + 1;
        tunneled_dr[1].out_value = out_value;
        tunneled_dr[1].in_value = in_value;
        tunneled_dr[2].num_bits = BSCAN_TUNNEL_IR_WIDTH_NBITS;
        tunneled_dr[2].out_value = tunneled_dr_width;
        tunneled_dr[2].in_value = NULL;
        tunneled_dr[3].num_bits = 1;
        tunneled_dr[3].out_value = bscan_one;
        tunneled_dr[3].in_value = NULL;
    } else {
        /* BSCAN_TUNNEL_NESTED_TAP */
        tunneled_ir[3].num_bits = 3;
        tunneled_ir[3].out_value = bscan_zero;
        tunneled_ir[3].in_value = NULL;
        tunneled_ir[2].num_bits = bscan_tunnel_ir_width;
        tunneled_ir[2].out_value = ir_dtmcontrol;
        tunneled_ir[1].in_value = NULL;
        tunneled_ir[1].num_bits = BSCAN_TUNNEL_IR_WIDTH_NBITS;
        tunneled_ir[1].out_value = &bscan_tunnel_ir_width;
        tunneled_ir[2].in_value = NULL;
        tunneled_ir[0].num_bits = 1;
        tunneled_ir[0].out_value = bscan_zero;
        tunneled_ir[0].in_value = NULL;
 
        tunneled_dr[3].num_bits = 3;
        tunneled_dr[3].out_value = bscan_zero;
        tunneled_dr[3].in_value = NULL;
        tunneled_dr[2].num_bits = 32 + 1;
        tunneled_dr[2].out_value = out_value;
        tunneled_dr[2].in_value = in_value;
        tunneled_dr[1].num_bits = 7;
        tunneled_dr[1].out_value = tunneled_dr_width;
        tunneled_dr[1].in_value = NULL;
        tunneled_dr[0].num_bits = 1;
        tunneled_dr[0].out_value = bscan_one;
        tunneled_dr[0].in_value = NULL;
    }
    jtag_add_ir_scan(tap, &select_user4, TAP_IDLE);
    jtag_add_dr_scan(tap, ARRAY_SIZE(tunneled_ir), tunneled_ir, TAP_IDLE);
    jtag_add_dr_scan(tap, ARRAY_SIZE(tunneled_dr), tunneled_dr, TAP_IDLE);
    select_dmi_via_bscan(tap);
 
    int retval = jtag_execute_queue();
    if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
        LOG_ERROR("failed jtag scan: %d", retval);
        return retval;
    }
    /* Note the starting offset is bit 1, not bit 0.  In BSCAN tunnel, there is a one-bit TCK skew between
       output and input */
    uint32_t in = buf_get_u32(in_value, 1, 32);
    LOG_DEBUG("DTMCS: 0x%x -> 0x%x", out, in);
 
    if (in_ptr)
        *in_ptr = in;
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
/* TODO: rename "dtmcontrol"-> "dtmcs" */
int dtmcs_scan(struct jtag_tap *tap, uint32_t out, uint32_t *in_ptr)
{
    uint8_t value[4];
 
    if (bscan_tunnel_ir_width != 0)
        return dtmcs_scan_via_bscan(tap, out, in_ptr);
 
    buf_set_u32(value, 0, 32, out);
 
    jtag_add_ir_scan(tap, &select_dtmcontrol, TAP_IDLE);
 
    struct scan_field field = {
        .num_bits = 32,
        .out_value = value,
        .in_value = in_ptr ? value : NULL
    };
    jtag_add_dr_scan(tap, 1, &field, TAP_IDLE);
 
    /* Always return to dbus. */
    jtag_add_ir_scan(tap, &select_dbus, TAP_IDLE);
 
    int retval = jtag_execute_queue();
    if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
        LOG_ERROR("'dtmcs' scan failed on TAP %s, error code = %d",
                jtag_tap_name(tap), retval);
        return retval;
    }
 
    if (in_ptr) {
        assert(field.in_value);
        uint32_t in = buf_get_u32(field.in_value, 0, 32);
        LOG_DEBUG("TAP %s: DTMCS: 0x%" PRIx32 " -> 0x%" PRIx32,
                jtag_tap_name(tap), out, in);
        *in_ptr = in;
    } else {
        LOG_DEBUG("TAP %s: DTMCS: 0x%" PRIx32 " -> ?", jtag_tap_name(tap), out);
    }
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static struct target_type *get_target_type(struct target *target)
{
    if (!target->arch_info) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Target has not been initialized.");
        return NULL;
    }
 
    RISCV_INFO(info);
    switch (info->dtm_version) {
    case DTM_DTMCS_VERSION_0_11:
        return &riscv011_target;
    case DTM_DTMCS_VERSION_1_0:
        return &riscv013_target;
    default:
        /* TODO: once we have proper support for non-examined targets
         * we should have an assert here */
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Unsupported DTM version: %d",
                info->dtm_version);
        return NULL;
    }
}
 
static struct riscv_private_config *alloc_default_riscv_private_config(void)
{
    struct riscv_private_config * const config = calloc(1, sizeof(*config));
    if (!config) {
        LOG_ERROR("Out of memory!");
        return NULL;
    }
 
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(config->dcsr_ebreak_fields); ++i)
        config->dcsr_ebreak_fields[i] = true;
 
    return config;
}
 
static int riscv_create_target(struct target *target)
{
    LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "riscv_create_target()");
    struct riscv_private_config *config = target->private_config;
    if (!config) {
        config = alloc_default_riscv_private_config();
        if (!config)
            return ERROR_FAIL;
        target->private_config = config;
    }
    target->arch_info = calloc(1, sizeof(struct riscv_info));
    if (!target->arch_info) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Failed to allocate RISC-V target structure.");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
    riscv_info_init(target, target->arch_info);
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static struct jim_nvp nvp_ebreak_config_opts[] = {
    { .name = "m", .value = RISCV_MODE_M },
    { .name = "s", .value = RISCV_MODE_S },
    { .name = "u", .value = RISCV_MODE_U },
    { .name = "vs", .value = RISCV_MODE_VS },
    { .name = "vu", .value = RISCV_MODE_VU },
    { .name = NULL, .value = N_RISCV_MODE }
};
 
#define RISCV_EBREAK_MODE_INVALID -1
 
static struct jim_nvp nvp_ebreak_mode_opts[] = {
    { .name = "exception", .value = false },
    { .name = "halt", .value = true },
    { .name = NULL, .value = RISCV_EBREAK_MODE_INVALID }
};
 
static struct jim_nvp nvp_on_off_opts[] = {
    { .name = "off", .value = false },
    { .name = "on", .value = true },
    { .name = NULL, .value = -1 }
};
 
static int jim_configure_ebreak(struct riscv_private_config *config, struct jim_getopt_info *goi)
{
    if (goi->argc == 0) {
        Jim_WrongNumArgs(goi->interp, 1, goi->argv - 1,
                "[?execution_mode?] ?ebreak_action?");
        return JIM_ERR;
    }
    struct jim_nvp *common_mode_nvp;
    if (jim_nvp_name2value_obj(goi->interp, nvp_ebreak_mode_opts, goi->argv[0],
                &common_mode_nvp) == JIM_OK) {
        /* Here a common "ebreak" action is processed, e.g:
         * "riscv.cpu configure -ebreak halt"
         */
        int res = jim_getopt_obj(goi, NULL);
        if (res != JIM_OK)
            return res;
        for (int ebreak_ctl_i = 0; ebreak_ctl_i < N_RISCV_MODE; ++ebreak_ctl_i)
            config->dcsr_ebreak_fields[ebreak_ctl_i] = common_mode_nvp->value;
        return JIM_OK;
    }
 
    /* Here a "ebreak" action for a specific execution mode is processed, e.g:
     * "riscv.cpu configure -ebreak m halt"
     */
    if (goi->argc < 2) {
        Jim_WrongNumArgs(goi->interp, 2, goi->argv - 2,
                "?ebreak_action?");
        return JIM_ERR;
    }
    struct jim_nvp *ctrl_nvp;
    if (jim_getopt_nvp(goi, nvp_ebreak_config_opts, &ctrl_nvp) != JIM_OK) {
        jim_getopt_nvp_unknown(goi, nvp_ebreak_config_opts, /*hadprefix*/ true);
        return JIM_ERR;
    }
    struct jim_nvp *mode_nvp;
    if (jim_getopt_nvp(goi, nvp_ebreak_mode_opts, &mode_nvp) != JIM_OK) {
        jim_getopt_nvp_unknown(goi, nvp_ebreak_mode_opts, /*hadprefix*/ true);
        return JIM_ERR;
    }
    config->dcsr_ebreak_fields[ctrl_nvp->value] = mode_nvp->value;
    return JIM_OK;
}
 
static int ebreak_config_to_tcl_dict(const struct riscv_private_config *config,
        char *buffer)
{
    int len = 0;
    const char *separator = "";
    for (int ebreak_ctl_i = 0; ebreak_ctl_i < N_RISCV_MODE;
            ++ebreak_ctl_i) {
        const char * const format = "%s%s %s";
        const char * const priv_mode =
            jim_nvp_value2name_simple(nvp_ebreak_config_opts, ebreak_ctl_i)->name;
        const char * const mode = jim_nvp_value2name_simple(nvp_ebreak_mode_opts,
                config->dcsr_ebreak_fields[ebreak_ctl_i])->name;
        if (!buffer)
            len += snprintf(NULL, 0, format, separator, priv_mode, mode);
        else
            len += sprintf(buffer + len, format, separator, priv_mode, mode);
 
        separator = "\n";
    }
    return len;
}
 
static int jim_report_ebreak_config(const struct riscv_private_config *config,
        Jim_Interp *interp)
{
    const int len = ebreak_config_to_tcl_dict(config, NULL);
    char *str = malloc(len + 1);
    if (!str) {
        LOG_ERROR("Unable to allocate a string of %d bytes.", len + 1);
        return JIM_ERR;
    }
    ebreak_config_to_tcl_dict(config, str);
    Jim_SetResultString(interp, str, len);
    free(str);
    return JIM_OK;
}
 
enum riscv_cfg_opts {
    RISCV_CFG_EBREAK,
    RISCV_CFG_CETRIG,
    RISCV_CFG_INVALID = -1
};
 
static struct jim_nvp nvp_config_opts[] = {
    { .name = "-ebreak", .value = RISCV_CFG_EBREAK },
    { .name = "-cetrig", .value = RISCV_CFG_CETRIG },
    { .name = NULL, .value = RISCV_CFG_INVALID }
};
 
static int riscv_jim_configure(struct target *target,
        struct jim_getopt_info *goi)
{
    struct riscv_private_config *config = target->private_config;
    if (!config) {
        config = alloc_default_riscv_private_config();
        if (!config)
            return JIM_ERR;
        target->private_config = config;
    }
    if (!goi->argc)
        return JIM_OK;
 
    struct jim_nvp *n;
    int e = jim_nvp_name2value_obj(goi->interp, nvp_config_opts,
                goi->argv[0], &n);
    if (e != JIM_OK)
        return JIM_CONTINUE;
 
    e = jim_getopt_obj(goi, NULL);
    if (e != JIM_OK)
        return e;
 
    if (!goi->is_configure && goi->argc > 0) {
        /* Expecting no arguments */
        Jim_WrongNumArgs(goi->interp, 2, goi->argv - 2, "");
        return JIM_ERR;
    }
    switch (n->value) {
    case RISCV_CFG_EBREAK:
        return goi->is_configure
            ? jim_configure_ebreak(config, goi)
            : jim_report_ebreak_config(config, goi->interp);
    case RISCV_CFG_CETRIG:
        if (goi->is_configure) {
            struct jim_nvp *opt_nvp;
            e = jim_getopt_nvp(goi, nvp_on_off_opts, &opt_nvp);
            if (e != JIM_OK) {
                jim_getopt_nvp_unknown(goi, nvp_on_off_opts, /*hadprefix*/ true);
                return e;
            }
            config->dcsr_cetrig = opt_nvp->value;
        } else {
            Jim_SetResultString(goi->interp,
                jim_nvp_value2name_simple(nvp_on_off_opts, config->dcsr_cetrig)->name, -1);
        }
        break;
    default:
        assert(false && "'jim_getopt_nvp' should have returned an error.");
    }
    return JIM_OK;
}
 
static int riscv_init_target(struct command_context *cmd_ctx,
        struct target *target)
{
    LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "riscv_init_target()");
    RISCV_INFO(info);
    info->cmd_ctx = cmd_ctx;
    info->reset_delays_wait = -1;
 
    select_dtmcontrol.num_bits = target->tap->ir_length;
    select_dbus.num_bits = target->tap->ir_length;
    select_idcode.num_bits = target->tap->ir_length;
 
    if (bscan_tunnel_ir_width != 0) {
        uint32_t ir_user4_raw = bscan_tunnel_ir_id;
        /* Provide a default value which target some Xilinx FPGA USER4 IR */
        if (ir_user4_raw == 0) {
            assert(target->tap->ir_length >= 6);
            ir_user4_raw = 0x23 << (target->tap->ir_length - 6);
        }
        h_u32_to_le(ir_user4, ir_user4_raw);
        select_user4.num_bits = target->tap->ir_length;
        if (bscan_tunnel_type == BSCAN_TUNNEL_DATA_REGISTER)
            bscan_tunnel_data_register_select_dmi[1].num_bits = bscan_tunnel_ir_width;
        else /* BSCAN_TUNNEL_NESTED_TAP */
            bscan_tunnel_nested_tap_select_dmi[2].num_bits = bscan_tunnel_ir_width;
    }
 
    riscv_semihosting_init(target);
 
    target->debug_reason = DBG_REASON_DBGRQ;
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static void free_wp_triggers_cache(struct target *target)
{
    RISCV_INFO(r);
 
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < r->trigger_count; ++i) {
        struct tdata1_cache *elem_1, *tmp_1;
        list_for_each_entry_safe(elem_1, tmp_1, &r->wp_triggers_negative_cache[i], elem_tdata1) {
            struct tdata2_cache *elem_2, *tmp_2;
            list_for_each_entry_safe(elem_2, tmp_2, &elem_1->tdata2_cache_head, elem_tdata2) {
                list_del(&elem_2->elem_tdata2);
                free(elem_2);
            }
            list_del(&elem_1->elem_tdata1);
            free(elem_1);
        }
    }
    free(r->wp_triggers_negative_cache);
}
 
static void riscv_deinit_target(struct target *target)
{
    LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "riscv_deinit_target()");
 
    free(target->private_config);
 
    struct riscv_info *info = target->arch_info;
    struct target_type *tt = get_target_type(target);
    if (!tt)
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Could not identify target type.");
 
    if (riscv_reg_flush_all(target) != ERROR_OK)
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Failed to flush registers. Ignoring this error.");
 
    if (tt && info && info->version_specific)
        tt->deinit_target(target);
 
    riscv_reg_free_all(target);
    free_wp_triggers_cache(target);
 
    if (!info)
        return;
 
    free(info->reserved_triggers);
 
    range_list_t *entry, *tmp;
    list_for_each_entry_safe(entry, tmp, &info->hide_csr, list) {
        free(entry->name);
        free(entry);
    }
 
    list_for_each_entry_safe(entry, tmp, &info->expose_csr, list) {
        free(entry->name);
        free(entry);
    }
 
    list_for_each_entry_safe(entry, tmp, &info->expose_custom, list) {
        free(entry->name);
        free(entry);
    }
 
    free(target->arch_info);
 
    target->arch_info = NULL;
}
 
static void trigger_from_breakpoint(struct trigger *trigger,
        const struct breakpoint *breakpoint)
{
    trigger->address = breakpoint->address;
    trigger->length = breakpoint->length;
    trigger->mask = ~0LL;
    trigger->is_read = false;
    trigger->is_write = false;
    trigger->is_execute = true;
    /* unique_id is unique across both breakpoints and watchpoints. */
    trigger->unique_id = breakpoint->unique_id;
}
 
static bool can_use_napot_match(struct trigger *trigger)
{
    riscv_reg_t addr = trigger->address;
    riscv_reg_t size = trigger->length;
    bool size_power_of_2 = (size & (size - 1)) == 0;
    bool addr_aligned = (addr & (size - 1)) == 0;
    return size > 1 && size_power_of_2 && addr_aligned;
}
 
/* Find the next free trigger of the given type, without talking to the target. */
static int find_next_free_trigger(struct target *target, int type, bool chained,
        unsigned int *idx)
{
    assert(idx);
    RISCV_INFO(r);
 
    unsigned int num_found = 0;
    unsigned int num_required = chained ? 2 : 1;
 
    for (unsigned int i = *idx; i < r->trigger_count; i++) {
        if (r->trigger_unique_id[i] == -1) {
            if (r->trigger_tinfo[i] & (1 << type)) {
                num_found++;
                if (num_required == num_found) {
                    /* Found num_required consecutive free triggers - success, done. */
                    *idx = i - (num_required - 1);
                    LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target,
                            "%d trigger(s) of type %d found on index %u, "
                            "chained == %s",
                            num_required, type, *idx,
                            chained ? "true" : "false");
                    return ERROR_OK;
                }
                /* Found a trigger but need more consecutive ones */
                continue;
            }
        }
        /* Trigger already occupied or incompatible type.
         * Reset the counter of found consecutive triggers */
        num_found = 0;
    }
 
    return ERROR_FAIL;
}
 
static int find_first_trigger_by_id(struct target *target, int unique_id)
{
    RISCV_INFO(r);
 
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < r->trigger_count; i++) {
        if (r->trigger_unique_id[i] == unique_id)
            return i;
    }
    return -1;
}
 
static unsigned int count_trailing_ones(riscv_reg_t reg)
{
    const unsigned int riscv_reg_bits = sizeof(riscv_reg_t) * CHAR_BIT;
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < riscv_reg_bits; i++) {
        if ((1 & (reg >> i)) == 0)
            return i;
    }
    return riscv_reg_bits;
}
 
static int set_trigger(struct target *target, unsigned int idx, riscv_reg_t tdata1, riscv_reg_t tdata2)
{
    RISCV_INFO(r);
    assert(r->reserved_triggers);
    assert(idx < r->trigger_count);
    if (r->reserved_triggers[idx]) {
        LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target,
                "Trigger %u is reserved by 'reserve_trigger' command.", idx);
        return ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE;
    }
 
    riscv_reg_t tdata1_rb, tdata2_rb;
    // Select which trigger to use
    if (riscv_reg_set(target, GDB_REGNO_TSELECT, idx) != ERROR_OK)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
 
    // Disable the trigger by writing 0 to it
    if (riscv_reg_set(target, GDB_REGNO_TDATA1, 0) != ERROR_OK)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
 
    // Set trigger data for tdata2 (and tdata3 if it was supported)
    if (riscv_reg_set(target, GDB_REGNO_TDATA2, tdata2) != ERROR_OK)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
 
    // Set trigger data for tdata1
    if (riscv_reg_set(target, GDB_REGNO_TDATA1, tdata1) != ERROR_OK)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
 
    // Read back tdata1, tdata2, (tdata3), and check if the configuration is supported
    if (riscv_reg_get(target, &tdata1_rb, GDB_REGNO_TDATA1) != ERROR_OK)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    if (riscv_reg_get(target, &tdata2_rb, GDB_REGNO_TDATA2) != ERROR_OK)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
 
    const uint32_t type = get_field(tdata1, CSR_TDATA1_TYPE(riscv_xlen(target)));
    const bool is_mcontrol = type == CSR_TDATA1_TYPE_MCONTROL;
 
    /* Determine if tdata1 supports what we need.
     * For mcontrol triggers, we don't care about
     * the value in the read-only "maskmax" field.
     */
    const riscv_reg_t tdata1_ignore_mask = is_mcontrol ? CSR_MCONTROL_MASKMAX(riscv_xlen(target)) : 0;
    const bool tdata1_config_denied = (tdata1 & ~tdata1_ignore_mask) != (tdata1_rb & ~tdata1_ignore_mask);
 
    /* Determine if tdata1.maxmask is sufficient
     * (only relevant for mcontrol triggers and NAPOT match type)
     */
    bool unsupported_napot_range = false;
    riscv_reg_t maskmax_value = 0;
    if (!tdata1_config_denied) {
        const bool is_napot_match = get_field(tdata1_rb, CSR_MCONTROL_MATCH) == CSR_MCONTROL_MATCH_NAPOT;
        if (is_mcontrol && is_napot_match) {
            maskmax_value = get_field(tdata1_rb, CSR_MCONTROL_MASKMAX(riscv_xlen(target)));
            const unsigned int napot_size = count_trailing_ones(tdata2) + 1;
            if (maskmax_value < napot_size)
                unsupported_napot_range = true;
        }
    }
 
    const bool tdata2_config_denied = tdata2 != tdata2_rb;
    if (tdata1_config_denied || tdata2_config_denied || unsupported_napot_range) {
        LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "Trigger %u doesn't support what we need.", idx);
 
        if (tdata1_config_denied)
            LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target,
                "After writing 0x%" PRIx64 " to tdata1 it contains 0x%" PRIx64,
                tdata1, tdata1_rb);
 
        if (tdata2_config_denied)
            LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target,
                "After writing 0x%" PRIx64 " to tdata2 it contains 0x%" PRIx64,
                tdata2, tdata2_rb);
 
        if (unsupported_napot_range)
            LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target,
                "The requested NAPOT match range (tdata2=0x%" PRIx64 ") exceeds maskmax_value=0x%" PRIx64,
                tdata2, maskmax_value);
 
        if (riscv_reg_set(target, GDB_REGNO_TDATA1, 0) != ERROR_OK)
            return ERROR_FAIL;
        return ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE;
    }
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static int maybe_add_trigger_t1(struct target *target, struct trigger *trigger)
{
    int ret;
    riscv_reg_t tdata1, tdata2;
 
    RISCV_INFO(r);
 
    const uint32_t bpcontrol_x = 1<<0;
    const uint32_t bpcontrol_w = 1<<1;
    const uint32_t bpcontrol_r = 1<<2;
    const uint32_t bpcontrol_u = 1<<3;
    const uint32_t bpcontrol_s = 1<<4;
    const uint32_t bpcontrol_h = 1<<5;
    const uint32_t bpcontrol_m = 1<<6;
    const uint32_t bpcontrol_bpmatch = 0xf << 7;
    const uint32_t bpcontrol_bpaction = 0xff << 11;
 
    unsigned int idx = 0;
    ret = find_next_free_trigger(target, CSR_TDATA1_TYPE_LEGACY, false, &idx);
    if (ret != ERROR_OK)
        return ret;
 
    if (riscv_reg_get(target, &tdata1, GDB_REGNO_TDATA1) != ERROR_OK)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    if (tdata1 & (bpcontrol_r | bpcontrol_w | bpcontrol_x)) {
        /* Trigger is already in use, presumably by user code. */
        return ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE;
    }
 
    tdata1 = 0;
    tdata1 = set_field(tdata1, bpcontrol_r, trigger->is_read);
    tdata1 = set_field(tdata1, bpcontrol_w, trigger->is_write);
    tdata1 = set_field(tdata1, bpcontrol_x, trigger->is_execute);
    tdata1 = set_field(tdata1, bpcontrol_u, !!(r->misa & BIT('U' - 'A')));
    tdata1 = set_field(tdata1, bpcontrol_s, !!(r->misa & BIT('S' - 'A')));
    tdata1 = set_field(tdata1, bpcontrol_h, !!(r->misa & BIT('H' - 'A')));
    tdata1 = set_field(tdata1, bpcontrol_m, 1);
    tdata1 = set_field(tdata1, bpcontrol_bpaction, 0); /* cause bp exception */
    tdata1 = set_field(tdata1, bpcontrol_bpmatch, 0); /* exact match */
    tdata2 = trigger->address;
    ret = set_trigger(target, idx, tdata1, tdata2);
    if (ret != ERROR_OK)
        return ret;
    r->trigger_unique_id[idx] = trigger->unique_id;
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
struct trigger_request_info {
    riscv_reg_t tdata1;
    riscv_reg_t tdata2;
};
 
static void log_trigger_request_info(struct trigger_request_info trig_info)
{
    LOG_DEBUG("tdata1=%" PRIx64 ", tdata2=%" PRIx64, trig_info.tdata1, trig_info.tdata2);
};
 
static struct tdata1_cache *tdata1_cache_alloc(struct list_head *tdata1_cache_head, riscv_reg_t tdata1)
{
    struct tdata1_cache *elem = (struct tdata1_cache *)calloc(1, sizeof(struct tdata1_cache));
    elem->tdata1 = tdata1;
    INIT_LIST_HEAD(&elem->tdata2_cache_head);
    list_add_tail(&elem->elem_tdata1, tdata1_cache_head);
    return elem;
}
 
static void tdata2_cache_alloc(struct list_head *tdata2_cache_head, riscv_reg_t tdata2)
{
    struct tdata2_cache * const elem = calloc(1, sizeof(struct tdata2_cache));
    elem->tdata2 = tdata2;
    list_add(&elem->elem_tdata2, tdata2_cache_head);
}
 
struct tdata2_cache *tdata2_cache_search(struct list_head *tdata2_cache_head, riscv_reg_t find_tdata2)
{
    struct tdata2_cache *elem_2;
    list_for_each_entry(elem_2, tdata2_cache_head, elem_tdata2) {
        if (elem_2->tdata2 == find_tdata2)
            return elem_2;
    }
    return NULL;
}
 
struct tdata1_cache *tdata1_cache_search(struct list_head *tdata1_cache_head, riscv_reg_t find_tdata1)
{
    struct tdata1_cache *elem_1;
    list_for_each_entry(elem_1, tdata1_cache_head, elem_tdata1) {
        if (elem_1->tdata1 == find_tdata1)
            return elem_1;
    }
    return NULL;
}
 
static void create_wp_trigger_cache(struct target *target)
{
    RISCV_INFO(r);
 
    r->wp_triggers_negative_cache = (struct list_head *)calloc(r->trigger_count,
        sizeof(struct list_head));
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < r->trigger_count; ++i)
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&r->wp_triggers_negative_cache[i]);
}
 
static void wp_triggers_cache_add(struct target *target, unsigned int idx, riscv_reg_t tdata1,
    riscv_reg_t tdata2, int error_code)
{
    RISCV_INFO(r);
 
    struct tdata1_cache *tdata1_cache = tdata1_cache_search(&r->wp_triggers_negative_cache[idx], tdata1);
    if (!tdata1_cache) {
        tdata1_cache = tdata1_cache_alloc(&r->wp_triggers_negative_cache[idx], tdata1);
    } else {
        struct tdata2_cache *tdata2_cache = tdata2_cache_search(&tdata1_cache->tdata2_cache_head, tdata2);
        if (tdata2_cache) {
            list_move(&tdata2_cache->elem_tdata2, &tdata1_cache->tdata2_cache_head);
            return;
        }
    }
    tdata2_cache_alloc(&tdata1_cache->tdata2_cache_head, tdata2);
}
 
static bool wp_triggers_cache_search(struct target *target, unsigned int idx,
    riscv_reg_t tdata1, riscv_reg_t tdata2)
{
    RISCV_INFO(r);
 
    struct tdata1_cache *tdata1_cache = tdata1_cache_search(&r->wp_triggers_negative_cache[idx], tdata1);
    if (!tdata1_cache)
        return false;
    struct tdata2_cache *tdata2_cache = tdata2_cache_search(&tdata1_cache->tdata2_cache_head, tdata2);
    if (!tdata2_cache)
        return false;
    assert(tdata1_cache->tdata1 == tdata1 && tdata2_cache->tdata2 == tdata2);
    return true;
}
 
static int try_use_trigger_and_cache_result(struct target *target, unsigned int idx, riscv_reg_t tdata1,
    riscv_reg_t tdata2)
{
    if (wp_triggers_cache_search(target, idx, tdata1, tdata2))
        return ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE;
 
    int ret = set_trigger(target, idx, tdata1, tdata2);
 
    /* Add these values to the cache to remember that they are not supported. */
    if (ret == ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE)
        wp_triggers_cache_add(target, idx, tdata1, tdata2, ret);
    return ret;
}
 
static int try_setup_single_match_trigger(struct target *target,
        struct trigger *trigger, struct trigger_request_info trig_info)
{
    LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "trying to set up a match trigger");
    log_trigger_request_info(trig_info);
 
    int trigger_type =
        get_field(trig_info.tdata1, CSR_MCONTROL_TYPE(riscv_xlen(target)));
    int ret = ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE;
    RISCV_INFO(r);
 
    /* Find the first trigger, supporting required tdata1 value */
    for (unsigned int idx = 0;
            find_next_free_trigger(target, trigger_type, false, &idx) == ERROR_OK;
            ++idx) {
        ret = try_use_trigger_and_cache_result(target, idx, trig_info.tdata1, trig_info.tdata2);
 
        if (ret == ERROR_OK) {
            r->trigger_unique_id[idx] = trigger->unique_id;
            return ERROR_OK;
        }
        if (ret != ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE)
            return ret;
    }
    return ret;
}
 
static int try_setup_chained_match_triggers(struct target *target,
        struct trigger *trigger, struct trigger_request_info t1,
        struct trigger_request_info t2)
{
    LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "trying to set up a chain of match triggers");
    log_trigger_request_info(t1);
    log_trigger_request_info(t2);
    int trigger_type =
        get_field(t1.tdata1, CSR_MCONTROL_TYPE(riscv_xlen(target)));
    int ret = ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE;
    RISCV_INFO(r);
 
    /* Find the first 2 consecutive triggers, supporting required tdata1 values */
    for (unsigned int idx = 0;
            find_next_free_trigger(target, trigger_type, true, &idx) == ERROR_OK;
            ++idx) {
        ret = try_use_trigger_and_cache_result(target, idx, t1.tdata1, t1.tdata2);
 
        if (ret == ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE)
            continue;
        else if (ret != ERROR_OK)
            return ret;
 
        ret = try_use_trigger_and_cache_result(target, idx + 1, t2.tdata1, t2.tdata2);
 
        if (ret == ERROR_OK) {
            r->trigger_unique_id[idx] = trigger->unique_id;
            r->trigger_unique_id[idx + 1] = trigger->unique_id;
            return ERROR_OK;
        }
        /* Undo the setting of the previous trigger */
        int ret_undo = set_trigger(target, idx, 0, 0);
        if (ret_undo != ERROR_OK)
            return ret_undo;
 
        if (ret != ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE)
            return ret;
    }
    return ret;
}
 
struct match_triggers_tdata1_fields {
    riscv_reg_t common;
    struct {
        /* Other values are available for this field,
         * but currently only `any` is needed.
         */
        riscv_reg_t any;
    } size;
    struct {
        riscv_reg_t enable;
        riscv_reg_t disable;
    } chain;
    struct {
        riscv_reg_t napot;
        riscv_reg_t lt;
        riscv_reg_t ge;
        riscv_reg_t eq;
    } match;
};
 
static struct match_triggers_tdata1_fields fill_match_triggers_tdata1_fields_t2(struct target *target,
    struct trigger *trigger)
{
    RISCV_INFO(r);
 
    struct match_triggers_tdata1_fields result = {
        .common =
            field_value(CSR_MCONTROL_TYPE(riscv_xlen(target)), CSR_TDATA1_TYPE_MCONTROL) |
            field_value(CSR_MCONTROL_DMODE(riscv_xlen(target)), 1) |
            field_value(CSR_MCONTROL_ACTION, CSR_MCONTROL_ACTION_DEBUG_MODE) |
            field_value(CSR_MCONTROL_M, 1) |
            field_value(CSR_MCONTROL_S, !!(r->misa & BIT('S' - 'A'))) |
            field_value(CSR_MCONTROL_U, !!(r->misa & BIT('U' - 'A'))) |
            field_value(CSR_MCONTROL_EXECUTE, trigger->is_execute) |
            field_value(CSR_MCONTROL_LOAD, trigger->is_read) |
            field_value(CSR_MCONTROL_STORE, trigger->is_write),
        .size = {
            .any =
                field_value(CSR_MCONTROL_SIZELO, CSR_MCONTROL_SIZELO_ANY & 3) |
                field_value(CSR_MCONTROL_SIZEHI, (CSR_MCONTROL_SIZELO_ANY >> 2) & 3)
        },
        .chain = {
            .enable = field_value(CSR_MCONTROL_CHAIN, CSR_MCONTROL_CHAIN_ENABLED),
            .disable = field_value(CSR_MCONTROL_CHAIN, CSR_MCONTROL_CHAIN_DISABLED)
        },
        .match = {
            .napot = field_value(CSR_MCONTROL_MATCH, CSR_MCONTROL_MATCH_NAPOT),
            .lt = field_value(CSR_MCONTROL_MATCH, CSR_MCONTROL_MATCH_LT),
            .ge = field_value(CSR_MCONTROL_MATCH, CSR_MCONTROL_MATCH_GE),
            .eq = field_value(CSR_MCONTROL_MATCH, CSR_MCONTROL_MATCH_EQUAL)
        }
    };
    return result;
}
 
static struct match_triggers_tdata1_fields fill_match_triggers_tdata1_fields_t6(struct target *target,
    struct trigger *trigger)
{
    bool misa_s = riscv_supports_extension(target, 'S');
    bool misa_u = riscv_supports_extension(target, 'U');
    bool misa_h = riscv_supports_extension(target, 'H');
 
    struct match_triggers_tdata1_fields result = {
        .common =
            field_value(CSR_MCONTROL6_TYPE(riscv_xlen(target)), CSR_TDATA1_TYPE_MCONTROL6) |
            field_value(CSR_MCONTROL6_DMODE(riscv_xlen(target)), 1) |
            field_value(CSR_MCONTROL6_ACTION, CSR_MCONTROL_ACTION_DEBUG_MODE) |
            field_value(CSR_MCONTROL6_M, 1) |
            field_value(CSR_MCONTROL6_S, misa_s) |
            field_value(CSR_MCONTROL6_U, misa_u) |
            field_value(CSR_MCONTROL6_VS, misa_h && misa_s) |
            field_value(CSR_MCONTROL6_VU, misa_h && misa_u) |
            field_value(CSR_MCONTROL6_EXECUTE, trigger->is_execute) |
            field_value(CSR_MCONTROL6_LOAD, trigger->is_read) |
            field_value(CSR_MCONTROL6_STORE, trigger->is_write),
        .size = {
            .any = field_value(CSR_MCONTROL6_SIZE, CSR_MCONTROL6_SIZE_ANY)
        },
        .chain = {
            .enable = field_value(CSR_MCONTROL6_CHAIN, CSR_MCONTROL6_CHAIN_ENABLED),
            .disable = field_value(CSR_MCONTROL6_CHAIN, CSR_MCONTROL6_CHAIN_DISABLED)
        },
        .match = {
            .napot = field_value(CSR_MCONTROL6_MATCH, CSR_MCONTROL6_MATCH_NAPOT),
            .lt = field_value(CSR_MCONTROL6_MATCH, CSR_MCONTROL6_MATCH_LT),
            .ge = field_value(CSR_MCONTROL6_MATCH, CSR_MCONTROL6_MATCH_GE),
            .eq = field_value(CSR_MCONTROL6_MATCH, CSR_MCONTROL6_MATCH_EQUAL)
        }
    };
    return result;
}
 
static int maybe_add_trigger_t2_t6_for_wp(struct target *target,
        struct trigger *trigger, struct match_triggers_tdata1_fields fields)
{
    RISCV_INFO(r);
    int ret = ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE;
 
    if (trigger->length > 0) {
        /* Setting a load/store trigger ("watchpoint") on a range of addresses */
        if (can_use_napot_match(trigger)) {
            if (r->wp_allow_napot_trigger) {
                LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "trying to setup NAPOT match trigger");
                struct trigger_request_info napot = {
                    .tdata1 = fields.common | fields.size.any |
                        fields.chain.disable | fields.match.napot,
                    .tdata2 = trigger->address | ((trigger->length - 1) >> 1)
                };
                ret = try_setup_single_match_trigger(target, trigger, napot);
                if (ret != ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE)
                    return ret;
            } else {
                LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "NAPOT match triggers are disabled for watchpoints. "
                             "Use 'riscv set_enable_trigger_feature napot wp' to enable it.");
            }
        }
 
        if (r->wp_allow_ge_lt_trigger) {
            LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "trying to setup GE+LT chained match trigger pair");
            struct trigger_request_info ge_1 = {
                .tdata1 = fields.common | fields.size.any | fields.chain.enable |
                    fields.match.ge,
                .tdata2 = trigger->address
            };
            struct trigger_request_info lt_2 = {
                .tdata1 = fields.common | fields.size.any | fields.chain.disable |
                    fields.match.lt,
                .tdata2 = trigger->address + trigger->length
            };
            ret = try_setup_chained_match_triggers(target, trigger, ge_1, lt_2);
            if (ret != ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE)
                return ret;
 
            LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "trying to setup LT+GE chained match trigger pair");
            struct trigger_request_info lt_1 = {
                .tdata1 = fields.common | fields.size.any | fields.chain.enable |
                    fields.match.lt,
                .tdata2 = trigger->address + trigger->length
            };
            struct trigger_request_info ge_2 = {
                .tdata1 = fields.common | fields.size.any | fields.chain.disable |
                    fields.match.ge,
                .tdata2 = trigger->address
            };
            ret = try_setup_chained_match_triggers(target, trigger, lt_1, ge_2);
            if (ret != ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE)
                return ret;
        } else {
            LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "LT+GE chained match triggers are disabled for watchpoints. "
                         "Use 'riscv set_enable_trigger_feature ge_lt wp' to enable it.");
        }
    }
 
    if (r->wp_allow_equality_match_trigger) {
        LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "trying to setup equality match trigger");
        struct trigger_request_info eq = {
            .tdata1 = fields.common | fields.size.any | fields.chain.disable |
                fields.match.eq,
            .tdata2 = trigger->address
        };
        ret = try_setup_single_match_trigger(target, trigger, eq);
        if (ret != ERROR_OK)
            return ret;
    } else {
        LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "equality match triggers are disabled for watchpoints. "
                     "Use 'riscv set_enable_trigger_feature eq wp' to enable it.");
    }
 
    if (ret == ERROR_OK && trigger->length > 1) {
        LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "Trigger will match accesses at address 0x%" TARGET_PRIxADDR
                ", but may not match accesses at addresses in the inclusive range from 0x%"
                TARGET_PRIxADDR " to 0x%" TARGET_PRIxADDR ".", trigger->address,
                trigger->address + 1, trigger->address + trigger->length - 1);
        RISCV_INFO(info);
        if (!info->range_trigger_fallback_encountered)
            /* This message is displayed only once per target to avoid
             * overwhelming the user with such messages on resume.
             */
            LOG_TARGET_WARNING(target,
                    "Could not set a trigger that will match a whole address range. "
                    "As a fallback, this trigger (and maybe others) will only match "
                    "against the first address of the range.");
        info->range_trigger_fallback_encountered = true;
    }
 
    return ret;
}
 
static int maybe_add_trigger_t2_t6_for_bp(struct target *target,
        struct trigger *trigger, struct match_triggers_tdata1_fields fields)
{
    LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "trying to setup equality match trigger");
    struct trigger_request_info eq = {
        .tdata1 = fields.common | fields.size.any | fields.chain.disable |
            fields.match.eq,
        .tdata2 = trigger->address
    };
 
    return try_setup_single_match_trigger(target, trigger, eq);
}
 
static int maybe_add_trigger_t2_t6(struct target *target,
        struct trigger *trigger, struct match_triggers_tdata1_fields fields)
{
    if (trigger->is_execute) {
        assert(!trigger->is_read && !trigger->is_write);
        return maybe_add_trigger_t2_t6_for_bp(target, trigger, fields);
    }
 
    assert(trigger->is_read || trigger->is_write);
    return maybe_add_trigger_t2_t6_for_wp(target, trigger, fields);
}
 
static int maybe_add_trigger_t3(struct target *target, bool vs, bool vu,
                bool m, bool s, bool u, bool pending, unsigned int count,
                int unique_id)
{
    int ret;
    riscv_reg_t tdata1;
 
    RISCV_INFO(r);
 
    tdata1 = 0;
    tdata1 = set_field(tdata1, CSR_ICOUNT_TYPE(riscv_xlen(target)), CSR_TDATA1_TYPE_ICOUNT);
    tdata1 = set_field(tdata1, CSR_ICOUNT_DMODE(riscv_xlen(target)), 1);
    tdata1 = set_field(tdata1, CSR_ICOUNT_ACTION, CSR_ICOUNT_ACTION_DEBUG_MODE);
    tdata1 = set_field(tdata1, CSR_ICOUNT_VS, vs);
    tdata1 = set_field(tdata1, CSR_ICOUNT_VU, vu);
    tdata1 = set_field(tdata1, CSR_ICOUNT_PENDING, pending);
    tdata1 = set_field(tdata1, CSR_ICOUNT_M, m);
    tdata1 = set_field(tdata1, CSR_ICOUNT_S, s);
    tdata1 = set_field(tdata1, CSR_ICOUNT_U, u);
    tdata1 = set_field(tdata1, CSR_ICOUNT_COUNT, count);
 
    unsigned int idx = 0;
    ret = find_next_free_trigger(target, CSR_TDATA1_TYPE_ICOUNT, false, &idx);
    if (ret != ERROR_OK)
        return ret;
    ret = set_trigger(target, idx, tdata1, 0);
    if (ret != ERROR_OK)
        return ret;
    r->trigger_unique_id[idx] = unique_id;
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static int maybe_add_trigger_t4(struct target *target, bool vs, bool vu,
                bool nmi, bool m, bool s, bool u, riscv_reg_t interrupts,
                int unique_id)
{
    int ret;
    riscv_reg_t tdata1, tdata2;
 
    RISCV_INFO(r);
 
    tdata1 = 0;
    tdata1 = set_field(tdata1, CSR_ITRIGGER_TYPE(riscv_xlen(target)), CSR_TDATA1_TYPE_ITRIGGER);
    tdata1 = set_field(tdata1, CSR_ITRIGGER_DMODE(riscv_xlen(target)), 1);
    tdata1 = set_field(tdata1, CSR_ITRIGGER_ACTION, CSR_ITRIGGER_ACTION_DEBUG_MODE);
    tdata1 = set_field(tdata1, CSR_ITRIGGER_VS, vs);
    tdata1 = set_field(tdata1, CSR_ITRIGGER_VU, vu);
    tdata1 = set_field(tdata1, CSR_ITRIGGER_NMI, nmi);
    tdata1 = set_field(tdata1, CSR_ITRIGGER_M, m);
    tdata1 = set_field(tdata1, CSR_ITRIGGER_S, s);
    tdata1 = set_field(tdata1, CSR_ITRIGGER_U, u);
 
    tdata2 = interrupts;
 
    unsigned int idx = 0;
    ret = find_next_free_trigger(target, CSR_TDATA1_TYPE_ITRIGGER, false, &idx);
    if (ret != ERROR_OK)
        return ret;
    ret = set_trigger(target, idx, tdata1, tdata2);
    if (ret != ERROR_OK)
        return ret;
    r->trigger_unique_id[idx] = unique_id;
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static int maybe_add_trigger_t5(struct target *target, bool vs, bool vu,
                bool m, bool s, bool u, riscv_reg_t exception_codes,
                int unique_id)
{
    int ret;
    riscv_reg_t tdata1, tdata2;
 
    RISCV_INFO(r);
 
    tdata1 = 0;
    tdata1 = set_field(tdata1, CSR_ETRIGGER_TYPE(riscv_xlen(target)), CSR_TDATA1_TYPE_ETRIGGER);
    tdata1 = set_field(tdata1, CSR_ETRIGGER_DMODE(riscv_xlen(target)), 1);
    tdata1 = set_field(tdata1, CSR_ETRIGGER_ACTION, CSR_ETRIGGER_ACTION_DEBUG_MODE);
    tdata1 = set_field(tdata1, CSR_ETRIGGER_VS, vs);
    tdata1 = set_field(tdata1, CSR_ETRIGGER_VU, vu);
    tdata1 = set_field(tdata1, CSR_ETRIGGER_M, m);
    tdata1 = set_field(tdata1, CSR_ETRIGGER_S, s);
    tdata1 = set_field(tdata1, CSR_ETRIGGER_U, u);
 
    tdata2 = exception_codes;
 
    unsigned int idx = 0;
    ret = find_next_free_trigger(target, CSR_TDATA1_TYPE_ETRIGGER, false, &idx);
    if (ret != ERROR_OK)
        return ret;
    ret = set_trigger(target, idx, tdata1, tdata2);
    if (ret != ERROR_OK)
        return ret;
    r->trigger_unique_id[idx] = unique_id;
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static int add_trigger(struct target *target, struct trigger *trigger)
{
    int ret;
    riscv_reg_t tselect;
 
    ret = riscv_enumerate_triggers(target);
    if (ret != ERROR_OK)
        return ret;
 
    ret = riscv_reg_get(target, &tselect, GDB_REGNO_TSELECT);
    if (ret != ERROR_OK)
        return ret;
 
    do {
        ret = maybe_add_trigger_t1(target, trigger);
        if (ret == ERROR_OK)
            break;
        ret = maybe_add_trigger_t2_t6(target, trigger,
                fill_match_triggers_tdata1_fields_t2(target, trigger));
        if (ret == ERROR_OK)
            break;
        ret = maybe_add_trigger_t2_t6(target, trigger,
                fill_match_triggers_tdata1_fields_t6(target, trigger));
        if (ret == ERROR_OK)
            break;
    } while (0);
 
    if (riscv_reg_set(target, GDB_REGNO_TSELECT, tselect) != ERROR_OK &&
            ret == ERROR_OK)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
 
    return ret;
}
 
static int write_by_given_size(struct target *target, target_addr_t address,
        uint32_t size, uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t access_size)
{
    assert(size == 1 || size == 2 || size == 4 || size == 8);
    assert(access_size == 1 || access_size == 2 || access_size == 4 || access_size == 8);
 
    if (access_size <= size && address % access_size == 0)
        /* Can do the memory access directly without a helper buffer. */
        return target_write_memory(target, address, access_size, size / access_size, buffer);
 
    unsigned int offset_head = address % access_size;
    unsigned int n_blocks = ((size + offset_head) <= access_size) ? 1 : 2;
    uint8_t helper_buf[n_blocks * access_size];
 
    /* Read from memory */
    if (target_read_memory(target, address - offset_head, access_size, n_blocks, helper_buf) != ERROR_OK)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
 
    /* Modify and write back */
    memcpy(helper_buf + offset_head, buffer, size);
    return target_write_memory(target, address - offset_head, access_size, n_blocks, helper_buf);
}
 
static int read_by_given_size(struct target *target, target_addr_t address,
    uint32_t size, uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t access_size)
{
    assert(size == 1 || size == 2 || size == 4 || size == 8);
    assert(access_size == 1 || access_size == 2 || access_size == 4 || access_size == 8);
 
    if (access_size <= size && address % access_size == 0)
        /* Can do the memory access directly without a helper buffer. */
        return target_read_memory(target, address, access_size, size / access_size, buffer);
 
    unsigned int offset_head = address % access_size;
    unsigned int n_blocks = ((size + offset_head) <= access_size) ? 1 : 2;
    uint8_t helper_buf[n_blocks * access_size];
 
    /* Read from memory */
    if (target_read_memory(target, address - offset_head, access_size, n_blocks, helper_buf) != ERROR_OK)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
 
    /* Pick the requested portion from the buffer */
    memcpy(buffer, helper_buf + offset_head, size);
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
int riscv_write_by_any_size(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint32_t size, uint8_t *buffer)
{
    assert(size == 1 || size == 2 ||  size == 4 || size == 8);
 
    /* Find access size that correspond to data size and the alignment. */
    unsigned int preferred_size = size;
    while (address % preferred_size != 0)
        preferred_size /= 2;
 
    /* First try the preferred (most natural) access size. */
    if (write_by_given_size(target, address, size, buffer, preferred_size) == ERROR_OK)
        return ERROR_OK;
 
    /* On failure, try other access sizes.
       Minimize the number of accesses by trying first the largest size. */
    for (unsigned int access_size = 8; access_size > 0; access_size /= 2) {
        if (access_size == preferred_size)
            /* Already tried this size. */
            continue;
 
        if (write_by_given_size(target, address, size, buffer, access_size) == ERROR_OK)
            return ERROR_OK;
    }
 
    /* No access attempt succeeded. */
    return ERROR_FAIL;
}
 
int riscv_read_by_any_size(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint32_t size, uint8_t *buffer)
{
    assert(size == 1 || size == 2 ||  size == 4 || size == 8);
 
    /* Find access size that correspond to data size and the alignment. */
    unsigned int preferred_size = size;
    while (address % preferred_size != 0)
        preferred_size /= 2;
 
    /* First try the preferred (most natural) access size. */
    if (read_by_given_size(target, address, size, buffer, preferred_size) == ERROR_OK)
        return ERROR_OK;
 
    /* On failure, try other access sizes.
       Minimize the number of accesses by trying first the largest size. */
    for (unsigned int access_size = 8; access_size > 0; access_size /= 2) {
        if (access_size == preferred_size)
            /* Already tried this size. */
            continue;
 
        if (read_by_given_size(target, address, size, buffer, access_size) == ERROR_OK)
            return ERROR_OK;
    }
 
    /* No access attempt succeeded. */
    return ERROR_FAIL;
}
 
static int riscv_add_breakpoint(struct target *target, struct breakpoint *breakpoint)
{
    LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "@0x%" TARGET_PRIxADDR, breakpoint->address);
    assert(breakpoint);
    if (breakpoint->type == BKPT_SOFT) {
        if (!(breakpoint->length == 4 || breakpoint->length == 2)) {
            LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Invalid breakpoint length %d", breakpoint->length);
            return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
 
        if (0 != (breakpoint->address % 2)) {
            LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Invalid breakpoint alignment for address 0x%" TARGET_PRIxADDR,
                breakpoint->address);
            return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
 
        /* Read the original instruction. */
        if (riscv_read_by_any_size(
                target, breakpoint->address, breakpoint->length, breakpoint->orig_instr) != ERROR_OK) {
            LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Failed to read original instruction at 0x%" TARGET_PRIxADDR,
                    breakpoint->address);
            return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
 
        uint8_t buff[4] = { 0 };
        buf_set_u32(buff, 0, breakpoint->length * CHAR_BIT, breakpoint->length == 4 ? ebreak() : ebreak_c());
        /* Write the ebreak instruction. */
        if (riscv_write_by_any_size(target, breakpoint->address, breakpoint->length, buff) != ERROR_OK) {
            LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Failed to write %d-byte breakpoint instruction at 0x%"
                    TARGET_PRIxADDR, breakpoint->length, breakpoint->address);
            return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
        breakpoint->is_set = true;
 
    } else if (breakpoint->type == BKPT_HARD) {
        struct trigger trigger;
        trigger_from_breakpoint(&trigger, breakpoint);
        int const result = add_trigger(target, &trigger);
        if (result != ERROR_OK)
            return result;
 
        int trigger_idx = find_first_trigger_by_id(target, breakpoint->unique_id);
        breakpoint_hw_set(breakpoint, trigger_idx);
    } else {
        LOG_TARGET_INFO(target, "OpenOCD only supports hardware and software breakpoints.");
        return ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE;
    }
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static int remove_trigger(struct target *target, int unique_id)
{
    RISCV_INFO(r);
 
    if (riscv_enumerate_triggers(target) != ERROR_OK)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
 
    riscv_reg_t tselect;
    int result = riscv_reg_get(target, &tselect, GDB_REGNO_TSELECT);
    if (result != ERROR_OK)
        return result;
 
    bool done = false;
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < r->trigger_count; i++) {
        if (r->trigger_unique_id[i] == unique_id) {
            riscv_reg_set(target, GDB_REGNO_TSELECT, i);
            riscv_reg_set(target, GDB_REGNO_TDATA1, 0);
            r->trigger_unique_id[i] = -1;
            LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "Stop using resource %d for bp %d",
                i, unique_id);
            done = true;
        }
    }
    if (!done) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target,
            "Couldn't find the hardware resources used by hardware trigger.");
        return ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE;
    }
 
    riscv_reg_set(target, GDB_REGNO_TSELECT, tselect);
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static int riscv_remove_breakpoint(struct target *target,
        struct breakpoint *breakpoint)
{
    if (breakpoint->type == BKPT_SOFT) {
        /* Write the original instruction. */
        if (riscv_write_by_any_size(
                target, breakpoint->address, breakpoint->length, breakpoint->orig_instr) != ERROR_OK) {
            LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Failed to restore instruction for %d-byte breakpoint at "
                    "0x%" TARGET_PRIxADDR, breakpoint->length, breakpoint->address);
            return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
 
    } else if (breakpoint->type == BKPT_HARD) {
        struct trigger trigger;
        trigger_from_breakpoint(&trigger, breakpoint);
        int result = remove_trigger(target, trigger.unique_id);
        if (result != ERROR_OK)
            return result;
 
    } else {
        LOG_TARGET_INFO(target, "OpenOCD only supports hardware and software breakpoints.");
        return ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE;
    }
 
    breakpoint->is_set = false;
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static void trigger_from_watchpoint(struct trigger *trigger,
        const struct watchpoint *watchpoint)
{
    trigger->address = watchpoint->address;
    trigger->length = watchpoint->length;
    trigger->mask = watchpoint->mask;
    trigger->value = watchpoint->value;
    trigger->is_read = (watchpoint->rw == WPT_READ || watchpoint->rw == WPT_ACCESS);
    trigger->is_write = (watchpoint->rw == WPT_WRITE || watchpoint->rw == WPT_ACCESS);
    trigger->is_execute = false;
    /* unique_id is unique across both breakpoints and watchpoints. */
    trigger->unique_id = watchpoint->unique_id;
}
 
int riscv_add_watchpoint(struct target *target, struct watchpoint *watchpoint)
{
    if (watchpoint->mask != WATCHPOINT_IGNORE_DATA_VALUE_MASK) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Watchpoints on data values are not implemented");
        return ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE;
    }
 
    struct trigger trigger;
    trigger_from_watchpoint(&trigger, watchpoint);
 
    int result = add_trigger(target, &trigger);
    if (result != ERROR_OK)
        return result;
 
    int trigger_idx = find_first_trigger_by_id(target, watchpoint->unique_id);
    watchpoint_set(watchpoint, trigger_idx);
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
int riscv_remove_watchpoint(struct target *target,
        struct watchpoint *watchpoint)
{
    LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "Removing watchpoint @0x%" TARGET_PRIxADDR, watchpoint->address);
 
    struct trigger trigger;
    trigger_from_watchpoint(&trigger, watchpoint);
 
    int result = remove_trigger(target, trigger.unique_id);
    if (result != ERROR_OK)
        return result;
    watchpoint->is_set = false;
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
enum mctrl6hitstatus {
    M6_HIT_ERROR,
    M6_HIT_NOT_SUPPORTED,
    M6_NOT_HIT,
    M6_HIT_BEFORE,
    M6_HIT_AFTER,
    M6_HIT_IMM_AFTER
};
 
static enum mctrl6hitstatus check_mcontrol6_hit_status(struct target *target,
        riscv_reg_t tdata1, uint64_t hit_mask)
{
    const uint32_t hit0 = get_field(tdata1, CSR_MCONTROL6_HIT0);
    const uint32_t hit1 = get_field(tdata1, CSR_MCONTROL6_HIT1);
    const uint32_t hit_info = (hit1 << 1) | hit0;
    if (hit_info == CSR_MCONTROL6_HIT0_BEFORE)
        return M6_HIT_BEFORE;
 
    if (hit_info == CSR_MCONTROL6_HIT0_AFTER)
        return M6_HIT_AFTER;
 
    if (hit_info == CSR_MCONTROL6_HIT0_IMMEDIATELY_AFTER)
        return M6_HIT_IMM_AFTER;
 
    if (hit_info == CSR_MCONTROL6_HIT0_FALSE) {
        /* hit[1..0] equals 0, which can mean one of the following:
         * - "hit" bits are supported and this trigger has not fired
         * - "hit" bits are not supported on this trigger
         * To distinguish these two cases, try writing all non-zero bit
         * patterns to hit[1..0] to determine if the "hit" bits are supported:
         */
        riscv_reg_t tdata1_tests[] = {
            set_field(tdata1, CSR_MCONTROL6_HIT0, 1),
            set_field(tdata1, CSR_MCONTROL6_HIT1, 1),
            set_field(tdata1, CSR_MCONTROL6_HIT0, 1) | field_value(CSR_MCONTROL6_HIT1, 1)
        };
        riscv_reg_t tdata1_test_rb;
        for (uint64_t i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(tdata1_tests); ++i) {
            if (riscv_reg_set(target, GDB_REGNO_TDATA1, tdata1_tests[i]) != ERROR_OK)
                return M6_HIT_ERROR;
            if (riscv_reg_get(target, &tdata1_test_rb, GDB_REGNO_TDATA1) != ERROR_OK)
                return M6_HIT_ERROR;
            if (tdata1_test_rb == tdata1_tests[i]) {
                if (riscv_reg_set(target, GDB_REGNO_TDATA1, tdata1_test_rb & ~hit_mask) != ERROR_OK)
                    return M6_HIT_ERROR;
                return M6_NOT_HIT;
            }
        }
    }
    return M6_HIT_NOT_SUPPORTED;
}
 
static int riscv_trigger_detect_hit_bits(struct target *target, int64_t *unique_id,
        bool *need_single_step)
{
    /* FIXME: this function assumes that we have only one trigger that can
     * have hit bit set. Debug spec allows hit bit to bit set if a trigger has
     * matched but did not fire. Such targets will receive erroneous results.
     */
 
    RISCV_INFO(r);
    assert(need_single_step);
    *need_single_step = false;
 
    riscv_reg_t tselect;
    if (riscv_reg_get(target, &tselect, GDB_REGNO_TSELECT) != ERROR_OK)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
 
    *unique_id = RISCV_TRIGGER_HIT_NOT_FOUND;
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < r->trigger_count; i++) {
        if (r->trigger_unique_id[i] == -1)
            continue;
 
        if (riscv_reg_set(target, GDB_REGNO_TSELECT, i) != ERROR_OK)
            return ERROR_FAIL;
 
        uint64_t tdata1;
        if (riscv_reg_get(target, &tdata1, GDB_REGNO_TDATA1) != ERROR_OK)
            return ERROR_FAIL;
        int type = get_field(tdata1, CSR_TDATA1_TYPE(riscv_xlen(target)));
 
        uint64_t hit_mask = 0;
        switch (type) {
        case CSR_TDATA1_TYPE_LEGACY:
            /* Doesn't support hit bit. */
            break;
        case CSR_TDATA1_TYPE_MCONTROL:
            hit_mask = CSR_MCONTROL_HIT;
            *need_single_step = true;
            break;
        case CSR_TDATA1_TYPE_MCONTROL6:
            hit_mask = CSR_MCONTROL6_HIT0 | CSR_MCONTROL6_HIT1;
            if (r->tinfo_version == CSR_TINFO_VERSION_0) {
                *need_single_step = true;
            } else if (r->tinfo_version == RISCV_TINFO_VERSION_UNKNOWN
                || r->tinfo_version == CSR_TINFO_VERSION_1) {
                enum mctrl6hitstatus hits_status = check_mcontrol6_hit_status(target,
                            tdata1, hit_mask);
                if (hits_status == M6_HIT_ERROR)
                    return ERROR_FAIL;
                if (hits_status == M6_HIT_BEFORE || hits_status == M6_HIT_NOT_SUPPORTED)
                    *need_single_step = true;
            }
            break;
        case CSR_TDATA1_TYPE_ICOUNT:
            hit_mask = CSR_ICOUNT_HIT;
            break;
        case CSR_TDATA1_TYPE_ITRIGGER:
            hit_mask = CSR_ITRIGGER_HIT(riscv_xlen(target));
            break;
        case CSR_TDATA1_TYPE_ETRIGGER:
            hit_mask = CSR_ETRIGGER_HIT(riscv_xlen(target));
            break;
        default:
            LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "Trigger %u has unknown type %d", i, type);
            continue;
        }
 
        /* FIXME: this logic needs to be changed to ignore triggers that are not
         * the last one in the chain. */
        if (tdata1 & hit_mask) {
            LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "Trigger %u (unique_id=%" PRIi64
            ") has hit bit set. (need_single_step=%s)",
                i, r->trigger_unique_id[i], (*need_single_step) ? "yes" : "no");
            if (riscv_reg_set(target, GDB_REGNO_TDATA1, tdata1 & ~hit_mask) != ERROR_OK)
                return ERROR_FAIL;
 
            *unique_id = r->trigger_unique_id[i];
            break;
        }
    }
 
    if (riscv_reg_set(target, GDB_REGNO_TSELECT, tselect) != ERROR_OK)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
// c.lwsp rd_n0 c_uimm8sphi c_uimm8splo - offset[5] offset[4:2|7:6]
static uint16_t get_offset_clwsp(riscv_insn_t instruction)
{
    uint16_t offset_4to2and7to6_bits =
        get_field32(instruction, INSN_FIELD_C_UIMM8SPLO);
    uint16_t offset_4to2_bits = offset_4to2and7to6_bits >> 2;
    uint16_t offset_7to6_bits = offset_4to2and7to6_bits & 0x3;
    uint16_t offset_5_bit = get_field32(instruction, INSN_FIELD_C_UIMM8SPHI);
    return (offset_4to2_bits << 2) + (offset_5_bit << 5)
           + (offset_7to6_bits << 6);
}
 
// c.ldsp rd_n0 c_uimm9sphi c_uimm9splo - offset[5] offset[4:3|8:6]
static uint16_t get_offset_cldsp(riscv_insn_t instruction)
{
    uint16_t offset_4to3and8to6_bits =
        get_field32(instruction, INSN_FIELD_C_UIMM9SPLO);
    uint16_t offset_4to3_bits = offset_4to3and8to6_bits >> 3;
    uint16_t offset_8to6_bits = offset_4to3and8to6_bits & 0x7;
    uint16_t offset_5_bit = get_field32(instruction, INSN_FIELD_C_UIMM9SPHI);
    return (offset_4to3_bits << 3) + (offset_5_bit << 5)
           + (offset_8to6_bits << 6);
}
 
// c.swsp c_rs2 c_uimm8sp_s - offset[5:2|7:6]
static uint16_t get_offset_cswsp(riscv_insn_t instruction)
{
    uint16_t offset_5to2and7to6_bits =
        get_field32(instruction, INSN_FIELD_C_UIMM8SP_S);
    uint16_t offset_5to2_bits = offset_5to2and7to6_bits >> 2;
    uint16_t offset_7to6_bits = offset_5to2and7to6_bits & 0x3;
    return (offset_5to2_bits << 2) + (offset_7to6_bits << 6);
}
 
// c.sdsp c_rs2 c_uimm9sp_s - offset[5:3|8:6]
static uint16_t get_offset_csdsp(riscv_insn_t instruction)
{
    uint16_t offset_5to3and8to6_bits =
        get_field32(instruction, INSN_FIELD_C_UIMM9SP_S);
    uint16_t offset_5to3_bits = offset_5to3and8to6_bits >> 3;
    uint16_t offset_8to6_bits = offset_5to3and8to6_bits & 0x7;
    return (offset_5to3_bits << 3) + (offset_8to6_bits << 6);
}
 
// c.lw rd_p rs1_p c_uimm7lo c_uimm7hi - offset[2|6] offset[5:3]
static uint16_t get_offset_clw(riscv_insn_t instruction)
{
    uint16_t offset_2and6_bits = get_field32(instruction, INSN_FIELD_C_UIMM7LO);
    uint16_t offset_2_bit = offset_2and6_bits >> 1;
    uint16_t offset_6_bit = offset_2and6_bits & 0x1;
    uint16_t offset_5to3_bits = get_field32(instruction, INSN_FIELD_C_UIMM7HI);
    return (offset_2_bit << 2) + (offset_5to3_bits << 3) + (offset_6_bit << 6);
}
 
// c.ld rd_p rs1_p c_uimm8lo c_uimm8hi - offset[7:6] offset[5:3]
static uint16_t get_offset_cld(riscv_insn_t instruction)
{
    uint16_t offset_7to6_bits = get_field32(instruction, INSN_FIELD_C_UIMM8LO);
    uint16_t offset_5to3_bits = get_field32(instruction, INSN_FIELD_C_UIMM8HI);
    return (offset_5to3_bits << 3) + (offset_7to6_bits << 6);
}
 
// c.lq rd_p rs1_p c_uimm9lo c_uimm9hi - offset[7:6] offset[5|4|8]
static uint16_t get_offset_clq(riscv_insn_t instruction)
{
    uint16_t offset_7to6_bits = get_field32(instruction, INSN_FIELD_C_UIMM9LO);
    uint16_t offset_5to4and8_bits =
        get_field32(instruction, INSN_FIELD_C_UIMM9HI);
    uint16_t offset_5to4_bits = offset_5to4and8_bits >> 1;
    uint16_t offset_8_bit = offset_5to4and8_bits & 0x1;
    return (offset_5to4_bits << 4) + (offset_7to6_bits << 6)
           + (offset_8_bit << 8);
}
 
// c.lqsp rd_n0 c_uimm10sphi c_uimm10splo - offset[5] offset[4|9:6]
static uint16_t get_offset_clqsp(riscv_insn_t instruction)
{
    uint16_t offset_4and9to6_bits =
        get_field32(instruction, INSN_FIELD_C_UIMM10SPLO);
    uint16_t offset_4_bit = offset_4and9to6_bits >> 4;
    uint16_t offset_9to6_bits = offset_4and9to6_bits & 0xf;
    uint16_t offset_5_bit = get_field32(instruction, INSN_FIELD_C_UIMM10SPHI);
    return (offset_4_bit << 4) + (offset_5_bit << 5) + (offset_9to6_bits << 6);
}
 
// c.sqsp c_rs2 c_uimm10sp_s - offset[5:4|9:6]
static uint16_t get_offset_csqsp(riscv_insn_t instruction)
{
    uint16_t offset_5to4and9to6_bits =
        get_field32(instruction, INSN_FIELD_C_UIMM10SP_S);
    uint16_t offset_5to4_biits = offset_5to4and9to6_bits >> 4;
    uint16_t offset_9to6_bits = offset_5to4and9to6_bits & 0xf;
    return (offset_5to4_biits << 4) + (offset_9to6_bits << 6);
}
 
static uint32_t get_rs1_c(riscv_insn_t instruction)
{
    return GDB_REGNO_S0 + get_field32(instruction, INSN_FIELD_C_SREG1);
}
 
static uint32_t get_opcode(const riscv_insn_t instruction)
{
    // opcode is first 7 bits of the instruction
    uint32_t opcode = instruction & INSN_FIELD_OPCODE;
    if ((instruction & 0x03) < 0x03) { // opcode size RVC
        // RVC MASK_C = 0xe003 for load/store instructions
        opcode = instruction & MASK_C_LD;
    }
    return opcode;
}
 
static int get_loadstore_membase_regno(struct target *target,
        const riscv_insn_t instruction, int *regid)
{
    uint32_t opcode = get_opcode(instruction);
    int rs;
 
    switch (opcode) {
    case MATCH_LB:
    case MATCH_FLH & ~INSN_FIELD_FUNCT3:
    case MATCH_SB:
    case MATCH_FSH & ~INSN_FIELD_FUNCT3:
        rs = get_field32(instruction, INSN_FIELD_RS1);
        break;
 
    case MATCH_C_LWSP:
    case MATCH_C_LDSP: // if xlen >= 64 or MATCH_C_FLWSP:
    case MATCH_C_FLDSP: // or MATCH_C_LQSP if xlen == 128
    case MATCH_C_SWSP:
    case MATCH_C_SDSP: // if xlen >= 64 or MATCH_C_FSWSP:
    case MATCH_C_FSDSP: // or MATCH_C_SQSP if xlen == 128
        rs = GDB_REGNO_SP;
        break;
 
    case MATCH_C_LW:
    case MATCH_C_FLW: // or MATCH_C_LD if xlen >= 64
    case MATCH_C_FLD: // or MATCH_C_LQ if xlen == 128
    case MATCH_C_SW:
    case MATCH_C_FSW: // or MATCH_C_SD if xlen >= 64
    case MATCH_C_FSD: // or MATCH_C_SQ if xlen == 128
        rs = get_rs1_c(instruction);
        break;
 
    default:
        LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "0x%" PRIx32 " is not a RV32I or \"C\" load or"
                         " store", instruction);
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
    *regid = rs;
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static int get_loadstore_memoffset(struct target *target,
        const riscv_insn_t instruction, int16_t *memoffset)
{
    uint32_t opcode = get_opcode(instruction);
    int16_t offset = 0;
 
    switch (opcode) {
    case MATCH_LB:
    case MATCH_FLH & ~INSN_FIELD_FUNCT3:
    case MATCH_SB:
    case MATCH_FSH & ~INSN_FIELD_FUNCT3:
        if (opcode == MATCH_SB || opcode == (MATCH_FSH & ~INSN_FIELD_FUNCT3)) {
            offset = get_field32(instruction, INSN_FIELD_IMM12LO) |
                  (get_field32(instruction, INSN_FIELD_IMM12HI) << 5);
        } else if (opcode == MATCH_LB ||
                   opcode == (MATCH_FLH & ~INSN_FIELD_FUNCT3)) {
            offset = get_field32(instruction, INSN_FIELD_IMM12);
        } else {
            assert(false);
        }
        /* sign extend 12-bit imm to 16-bits */
        if (offset & (1 << 11))
            offset |= 0xf000;
        break;
 
    case MATCH_C_LWSP:
        offset = get_offset_clwsp(instruction);
        break;
 
    case MATCH_C_LDSP: // if xlen >= 64 or MATCH_C_FLWSP:
        if (riscv_xlen(target) > 32) { // MATCH_C_LDSP
            offset = get_offset_cldsp(instruction);
        } else { // MATCH_C_FLWSP
            offset = get_offset_clwsp(instruction);
        }
        break;
 
    case MATCH_C_FLDSP: // or MATCH_C_LQSP if xlen == 128
        if (riscv_xlen(target) == 128) { // MATCH_C_LQSP
            offset = get_offset_clqsp(instruction);
        } else { // MATCH_C_FLDSP
            offset = get_offset_cldsp(instruction);
        }
        break;
 
    case MATCH_C_SWSP:
        offset = get_offset_cswsp(instruction);
        break;
 
    case MATCH_C_SDSP: // if xlen >= 64 or MATCH_C_FSWSP:
        if (riscv_xlen(target) > 32) { // MATCH_C_SDSP
            offset = get_offset_csdsp(instruction);
        } else { // MATCH_C_FSWSP
            offset = get_offset_cswsp(instruction);
        }
        break;
 
    case MATCH_C_FSDSP: // or MATCH_C_SQSP if xlen == 128
        if (riscv_xlen(target) == 128) { // MATCH_C_SQSP
            offset = get_offset_csqsp(instruction);
        } else { // MATCH_C_FSDSP
            offset = get_offset_csdsp(instruction); // same as C.SDSP
        }
        break;
 
    case MATCH_C_LW:
        offset = get_offset_clw(instruction);
        break;
 
    case MATCH_C_FLW: // or MATCH_C_LD if xlen >= 64
        if (riscv_xlen(target) > 32) { // MATCH_C_LD
            offset = get_offset_cld(instruction);
        } else { // MATCH_C_FLW
            offset = get_offset_clw(instruction); // same as C.FLW
        }
        break;
 
    case MATCH_C_FLD: // or MATCH_C_LQ if xlen == 128
        if (riscv_xlen(target) == 128) { // MATCH_C_LQ
            offset = get_offset_clq(instruction);
        } else { // MATCH_C_FLD
            offset = get_offset_cld(instruction); // same as C.LD
        }
        break;
 
    case MATCH_C_SW:
        offset = get_offset_clw(instruction); // same as C.LW
        break;
 
    case MATCH_C_FSW: // or MATCH_C_SD if xlen >= 64
        if (riscv_xlen(target) > 32) { // MATCH_C_SD
            offset = get_offset_cld(instruction); // same as C.LD
        } else { // MATCH_C_FSW
            offset = get_offset_clw(instruction); // same as C.LW
        }
        break;
 
    case MATCH_C_FSD: // or MATCH_C_SQ if xlen == 128
        if (riscv_xlen(target) == 128) { // MATCH_C_SQ
            offset = get_offset_clq(instruction); // same as C.LQ
        } else { // MATCH_C_FSD
            offset = get_offset_cld(instruction); // same as C.LD
        }
        break;
 
    default:
        LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "0x%" PRIx32 " is not a RV32I or \"C\" load or"
                         " store", instruction);
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
    *memoffset = offset;
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static int verify_loadstore(struct target *target,
        const riscv_insn_t instruction, bool *is_read)
{
    uint32_t opcode = get_opcode(instruction);
    bool misa_f = riscv_supports_extension(target, 'F');
    bool misa_d = riscv_supports_extension(target, 'D');
    enum watchpoint_rw rw;
 
    switch (opcode) {
    case MATCH_LB:
    case MATCH_FLH & ~INSN_FIELD_FUNCT3:
        rw = WPT_READ;
        break;
 
    case MATCH_SB:
    case MATCH_FSH & ~INSN_FIELD_FUNCT3:
        rw = WPT_WRITE;
        break;
 
    case MATCH_C_LWSP:
        if (get_field32(instruction, INSN_FIELD_RD) == 0) {
            LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target,
                "The code points with rd = x0 are reserved for C.LWSP");
            return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
        rw = WPT_READ;
        break;
 
    case MATCH_C_LDSP: // if xlen >= 64 or MATCH_C_FLWSP:
        if (riscv_xlen(target) > 32) { // MATCH_C_LDSP
            if (get_field32(instruction, INSN_FIELD_RD) == 0) {
                LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target,
                    "The code points with rd = x0 are reserved for C.LDSP");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
            }
        } else { // MATCH_C_FLWSP
            if (!misa_f) {
                LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "Matched C.FLWSP but target doesn\'t "
                                 "have the \"F\" extension");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
            }
        }
        rw = WPT_READ;
        break;
 
    case MATCH_C_FLDSP: // or MATCH_C_LQSP if xlen == 128
        if (riscv_xlen(target) == 128) { // MATCH_C_LQSP
            if (get_field32(instruction, INSN_FIELD_RD) == 0) {
                LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target,
                    "The code points with rd = x0 are reserved for C.LQSP");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
            }
        } else { // MATCH_C_FLDSP
            if (!misa_d) {
                LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "Matched C.FLDSP but target doesn\'t "
                                 "have the \"D\" extension");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
            }
        }
        rw = WPT_READ;
        break;
 
    case MATCH_C_SWSP:
        rw = WPT_WRITE;
        break;
 
    case MATCH_C_SDSP: // if xlen >= 64 or MATCH_C_FSWSP:
        if (riscv_xlen(target) == 32) { // MATCH_C_FSWSP
            if (!misa_f) {
                LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "Matched C.FSWSP but target doesn\'t "
                                 "have the \"F\" extension");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
            }
        }
        rw = WPT_WRITE;
        break;
 
    case MATCH_C_FSDSP: // or MATCH_C_SQSP if xlen == 128
        if (riscv_xlen(target) != 128) { // MATCH_C_SQSP
            if (!misa_d) {
                LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "Matched C.FSDSP but target doesn\'t "
                                 "have the \"D\" extension");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
            }
        }
        rw = WPT_WRITE;
        break;
 
    case MATCH_C_LW:
        rw = WPT_READ;
        break;
 
    case MATCH_C_FLW: // or MATCH_C_LD if xlen >= 64
        if (riscv_xlen(target) == 32) { // MATCH_C_FLW
            if (!misa_f) {
                LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "Matched C.FLW but target doesn\'t "
                                 "have the \"F\" extension");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
            }
        }
        rw = WPT_READ;
        break;
 
    case MATCH_C_FLD: // or MATCH_C_LQ if xlen == 128
        if (riscv_xlen(target) != 128) { // MATCH_C_FLD
            if (!misa_d) {
                LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "Matched C.FLD but target doesn\'t "
                                 "have the \"D\" extension");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
            }
        }
        rw = WPT_READ;
        break;
 
    case MATCH_C_SW:
        rw = WPT_WRITE;
        break;
 
    case MATCH_C_FSW: // or MATCH_C_SD if xlen >= 64
        if (riscv_xlen(target) == 32) { // MATCH_C_FSW
            if (!misa_f) {
                LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "Matched C.FSW but target doesn\'t "
                                 "have the \"F\" extension");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
            }
        }
        rw = WPT_WRITE;
        break;
 
    case MATCH_C_FSD: // or MATCH_C_SQ if xlen == 128
        if (riscv_xlen(target) != 128) { // MATCH_C_FSD
            if (!misa_d) {
                LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "Matched C.FSD but target doesn\'t "
                                 "have the \"D\" extension");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
            }
        }
        rw = WPT_WRITE;
        break;
 
    default:
        LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "0x%" PRIx32 " is not a RV32I or \"C\" load or"
                         " store", instruction);
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    if (rw == WPT_WRITE) {
        *is_read = false;
        LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "0x%" PRIx32 " is store instruction",
                         instruction);
    } else {
        *is_read = true;
        LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "0x%" PRIx32 " is load instruction",
                         instruction);
    }
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
/* Sets *hit_watchpoint to the first watchpoint identified as causing the
 * current halt.
 *
 * The GDB server uses this information to tell GDB what data address has
 * been hit, which enables GDB to print the hit variable along with its old
 * and new value. */
static int riscv_hit_watchpoint(struct target *target, struct watchpoint **hit_watchpoint)
{
    RISCV_INFO(r);
 
    LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "Hit Watchpoint");
 
    /* If we identified which trigger caused the halt earlier, then just use
     * that. */
    for (struct watchpoint *wp = target->watchpoints; wp; wp = wp->next) {
        if (wp->unique_id == r->trigger_hit) {
            *hit_watchpoint = wp;
            return ERROR_OK;
        }
    }
 
    riscv_reg_t dpc;
    if (riscv_reg_get(target, &dpc, GDB_REGNO_DPC) != ERROR_OK)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    const uint8_t length = 4;
    LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "dpc is 0x%" PRIx64, dpc);
 
    /* fetch the instruction at dpc */
    uint8_t buffer[length];
    if (target_read_buffer(target, dpc, length, buffer) != ERROR_OK) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Failed to read instruction at dpc 0x%" PRIx64,
                         dpc);
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    riscv_insn_t instruction = 0;
 
    for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
        LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "Next byte is %x", buffer[i]);
        instruction += (buffer[i] << 8 * i);
    }
    LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "Full instruction is %x", instruction);
 
    int rs;
    target_addr_t mem_addr;
    int16_t memoffset;
 
    if (get_loadstore_membase_regno(target, instruction, &rs) != ERROR_OK)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    if (riscv_reg_get(target, &mem_addr, rs) != ERROR_OK)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    if (get_loadstore_memoffset(target, instruction, &memoffset) != ERROR_OK)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
 
    mem_addr += memoffset;
    bool is_load;
 
    if (verify_loadstore(target, instruction, &is_load) != ERROR_OK)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
 
    struct watchpoint *wp = target->watchpoints;
    while (wp) {
        /* TODO support mask and check read/write/access */
        /* TODO check for intersection of the access range and watchpoint range
                Recommended matching:
                if (intersects(mem_addr, mem_addr + ref_size, wp->address, wp->address + wp->length))
        */
        if (mem_addr >= wp->address &&
            mem_addr < (wp->address + wp->length)) {
            *hit_watchpoint = wp;
            LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "WP hit found: %s 0x%" TARGET_PRIxADDR
                " covered by %s wp at address 0x%" TARGET_PRIxADDR,
                is_load ? "Load from" : "Store to", mem_addr,
                (wp->rw == WPT_READ ?
                    "read" : (wp->rw == WPT_WRITE ? "write" : "access")),
                wp->address);
            return ERROR_OK;
        }
        wp = wp->next;
    }
 
    /* No match found - either we hit a watchpoint caused by an instruction that
     * this function does not yet disassemble, or we hit a breakpoint.
     *
     * OpenOCD will behave as if this function had never been implemented i.e.
     * report the halt to GDB with no address information. */
    LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "No watchpoint found that would cover %s 0x%"
        TARGET_PRIxADDR, is_load ? "load from" : "store to", mem_addr);
    return ERROR_FAIL;
}
 
static int oldriscv_step(struct target *target, bool current, uint32_t address,
        bool handle_breakpoints)
{
    struct target_type *tt = get_target_type(target);
    if (!tt)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    return tt->step(target, current, address, handle_breakpoints);
}
 
static int riscv_openocd_step_impl(struct target *target, bool current,
        target_addr_t address, bool handle_breakpoints, int handle_callbacks);
 
static int old_or_new_riscv_step_impl(struct target *target, bool current,
        target_addr_t address, bool handle_breakpoints, int handle_callbacks)
{
    RISCV_INFO(r);
    LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "handle_breakpoints=%s",
            handle_breakpoints ? "true" : "false");
    if (!r->get_hart_state)
        return oldriscv_step(target, current, address, handle_breakpoints);
    else
        return riscv_openocd_step_impl(target, current, address, handle_breakpoints,
            handle_callbacks);
}
 
static int old_or_new_riscv_step(struct target *target, bool current,
        target_addr_t address, bool handle_breakpoints)
{
    return old_or_new_riscv_step_impl(target, current, address,
        handle_breakpoints, true /* handle callbacks*/);
}
 
static int riscv_examine(struct target *target)
{
    LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "Starting examination");
    if (target_was_examined(target)) {
        LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "Target was already examined.");
        return ERROR_OK;
    }
 
    /* Don't need to select dbus, since the first thing we do is read dtmcontrol. */
 
    RISCV_INFO(info);
    uint32_t dtmcontrol;
    if (dtmcs_scan(target->tap, 0, &dtmcontrol) != ERROR_OK || dtmcontrol == 0) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Could not read dtmcontrol. Check JTAG connectivity/board power.");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
    LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "dtmcontrol=0x%" PRIx32, dtmcontrol);
    uint32_t dtm_version = get_field(dtmcontrol, DTMCONTROL_VERSION);
    LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "version=0x%" PRIx32, dtm_version);
 
    struct target_type *tt;
    if (info->dtm_version == DTM_DTMCS_VERSION_UNKNOWN) {
        info->dtm_version = dtm_version;
        tt = get_target_type(target);
        if (!tt) {
            info->dtm_version = DTM_DTMCS_VERSION_UNKNOWN;
            return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
 
        int retval = tt->init_target(info->cmd_ctx, target);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
            info->dtm_version = DTM_DTMCS_VERSION_UNKNOWN;
            return retval;
        }
    } else {
        if (info->dtm_version != dtm_version) {
            // REVISIT: could we deinit_target, change version and init_target again?
            LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "dtmcs.version changed to 0x%" PRIx32, dtm_version);
            return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
        tt = get_target_type(target);
        if (!tt)
            return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    return tt->examine(target);
}
 
static int oldriscv_poll(struct target *target)
{
    struct target_type *tt = get_target_type(target);
    if (!tt)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    return tt->poll(target);
}
 
static int old_or_new_riscv_poll(struct target *target)
{
    RISCV_INFO(r);
    if (!r->get_hart_state)
        return oldriscv_poll(target);
    else
        return riscv_openocd_poll(target);
}
 
static enum target_debug_reason
derive_debug_reason_without_hitbit(const struct target *target, riscv_reg_t dpc)
{
    /* TODO: if we detect that etrigger/itrigger/icount is set, we should
     * just report DBG_REASON_UNKNOWN, since we can't disctiguish these
     * triggers from BP/WP or from other triggers of such type. However,
     * currently this renders existing testsuite as failing. We need to
     * fix the testsuite first
     */
    // TODO: the code below does not handle context-aware trigger types
    for (const struct breakpoint *bp = target->breakpoints; bp; bp = bp->next) {
        // TODO: investigate if we need to handle bp length
        if (bp->type == BKPT_HARD && bp->is_set && bp->address == dpc) {
            // FIXME: bp->linked_brp is uninitialized
            if (bp->asid) {
                LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target,
                    "can't derive debug reason for context-aware breakpoint: "
                    "unique_id = %" PRIu32 ", address = %" TARGET_PRIxADDR
                    ", asid = %" PRIx32 ", linked = %d",
                    bp->unique_id, bp->address, bp->asid, bp->linked_brp);
                return DBG_REASON_UNDEFINED;
            }
            return DBG_REASON_BREAKPOINT;
        }
    }
    return DBG_REASON_WATCHPOINT;
}
static int set_debug_reason(struct target *target, enum riscv_halt_reason halt_reason)
{
    RISCV_INFO(r);
    r->trigger_hit = -1;
    r->need_single_step = false;
    switch (halt_reason) {
    case RISCV_HALT_EBREAK:
        target->debug_reason = DBG_REASON_BREAKPOINT;
        break;
    case RISCV_HALT_TRIGGER:
        target->debug_reason = DBG_REASON_UNDEFINED;
        if (riscv_trigger_detect_hit_bits(target, &r->trigger_hit,
                &r->need_single_step) != ERROR_OK)
            return ERROR_FAIL;
        // FIXME: handle multiple hit bits
        if (r->trigger_hit != RISCV_TRIGGER_HIT_NOT_FOUND) {
            /* We scan for breakpoints first. If no breakpoints are found we still
             * assume that debug reason is DBG_REASON_BREAKPOINT, unless
             * there is a watchpoint match - This is to take
             * ETrigger/ITrigger/ICount into account
             */
            LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target,
                "Active hit bit is detected, trying to find trigger owner.");
            for (struct breakpoint *bp = target->breakpoints; bp; bp = bp->next) {
                if (bp->unique_id == r->trigger_hit) {
                    target->debug_reason = DBG_REASON_BREAKPOINT;
                    LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target,
                        "Breakpoint with unique_id = %" PRIu32 " owns the trigger.",
                        bp->unique_id);
                }
            }
            if (target->debug_reason == DBG_REASON_UNDEFINED) {
                // by default we report all triggers as breakpoints
                target->debug_reason = DBG_REASON_BREAKPOINT;
                for (struct watchpoint *wp = target->watchpoints; wp; wp = wp->next) {
                    if (wp->unique_id == r->trigger_hit) {
                        target->debug_reason = DBG_REASON_WATCHPOINT;
                        LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target,
                            "Watchpoint with unique_id = %" PRIu32 " owns the trigger.",
                            wp->unique_id);
                    }
                }
            }
        } else {
            LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target,
                "No trigger hit found, deriving debug reason without it.");
            riscv_reg_t dpc;
            if (riscv_reg_get(target, &dpc, GDB_REGNO_DPC) != ERROR_OK)
                return ERROR_FAIL;
            /* Here we don't have the hit bit set (likely, HW does not support it).
             * We are trying to guess the state. But here comes the problem:
             * if we have etrigger/itrigger/icount raised - we can't really
             * distinguish it from the breakpoint or watchpoint. There is not
             * much we can do here, except for checking current PC against pending
             * breakpoints and hope for the best)
             */
            target->debug_reason = derive_debug_reason_without_hitbit(target, dpc);
        }
        break;
    case RISCV_HALT_INTERRUPT:
    case RISCV_HALT_GROUP:
        target->debug_reason = DBG_REASON_DBGRQ;
        break;
    case RISCV_HALT_SINGLESTEP:
        target->debug_reason = DBG_REASON_SINGLESTEP;
        break;
    case RISCV_HALT_CRITICAL_ERROR:
        target->debug_reason = DBG_REASON_EXC_CATCH;
        break;
    case RISCV_HALT_UNKNOWN:
        target->debug_reason = DBG_REASON_UNDEFINED;
        break;
    case RISCV_HALT_ERROR:
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
    LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "debug_reason=%d", target->debug_reason);
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static int halt_prep(struct target *target)
{
    RISCV_INFO(r);
 
    LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "prep hart, debug_reason=%d", target->debug_reason);
    r->prepped = false;
    if (target->state == TARGET_HALTED) {
        LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "Hart is already halted.");
    } else if (target->state == TARGET_UNAVAILABLE) {
        LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "Hart is unavailable.");
    } else {
        if (r->halt_prep(target) != ERROR_OK)
            return ERROR_FAIL;
        r->prepped = true;
    }
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static int riscv_halt_go_all_harts(struct target *target)
{
    RISCV_INFO(r);
 
    enum riscv_hart_state state;
    if (riscv_get_hart_state(target, &state) != ERROR_OK)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    if (state == RISCV_STATE_HALTED) {
        LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "Hart is already halted.");
        if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
            target->state = TARGET_HALTED;
            enum riscv_halt_reason halt_reason = riscv_halt_reason(target);
            if (set_debug_reason(target, halt_reason) != ERROR_OK)
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
    } else {
        // Safety check:
        if (riscv_reg_cache_any_dirty(target, LOG_LVL_ERROR))
            LOG_TARGET_INFO(target, "BUG: Registers should not be dirty while "
                    "the target is not halted!");
 
        riscv_reg_cache_invalidate_all(target);
 
        if (r->halt_go(target) != ERROR_OK)
            return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static int halt_go(struct target *target)
{
    RISCV_INFO(r);
    int result;
    if (!r->get_hart_state) {
        struct target_type *tt = get_target_type(target);
        if (!tt)
            return ERROR_FAIL;
        result = tt->halt(target);
    } else {
        result = riscv_halt_go_all_harts(target);
    }
    if (target->debug_reason == DBG_REASON_NOTHALTED)
        target->debug_reason = DBG_REASON_DBGRQ;
 
    return result;
}
 
static int halt_finish(struct target *target)
{
    return target_call_event_callbacks(target, TARGET_EVENT_HALTED);
}
 
int riscv_halt(struct target *target)
{
    RISCV_INFO(r);
 
    if (!r->get_hart_state) {
        struct target_type *tt = get_target_type(target);
        if (!tt)
            return ERROR_FAIL;
        return tt->halt(target);
    }
 
    LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "halting all harts");
 
    int result = ERROR_OK;
    if (target->smp) {
        struct target_list *tlist;
        foreach_smp_target(tlist, target->smp_targets) {
            struct target *t = tlist->target;
            if (halt_prep(t) != ERROR_OK)
                result = ERROR_FAIL;
        }
 
        foreach_smp_target(tlist, target->smp_targets) {
            struct target *t = tlist->target;
            struct riscv_info *i = riscv_info(t);
            if (i->prepped) {
                if (halt_go(t) != ERROR_OK)
                    result = ERROR_FAIL;
            }
        }
 
        foreach_smp_target(tlist, target->smp_targets) {
            struct target *t = tlist->target;
            if (halt_finish(t) != ERROR_OK)
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
 
    } else {
        if (halt_prep(target) != ERROR_OK)
            result = ERROR_FAIL;
        if (halt_go(target) != ERROR_OK)
            result = ERROR_FAIL;
        if (halt_finish(target) != ERROR_OK)
            return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    return result;
}
 
static int riscv_assert_reset(struct target *target)
{
    LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "");
    struct target_type *tt = get_target_type(target);
    if (!tt)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
 
    if (riscv_reg_cache_any_dirty(target, LOG_LVL_INFO))
        LOG_TARGET_INFO(target, "Discarding values of dirty registers.");
 
    riscv_reg_cache_invalidate_all(target);
    return tt->assert_reset(target);
}
 
static int riscv_deassert_reset(struct target *target)
{
    LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "");
    struct target_type *tt = get_target_type(target);
    if (!tt)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    return tt->deassert_reset(target);
}
 
/* "wp_is_set" array must have at least "r->trigger_count" items. */
static int disable_watchpoints(struct target *target, bool *wp_is_set)
{
    RISCV_INFO(r);
    LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "Disabling triggers.");
 
    /* TODO: The algorithm is flawed and may result in a situation described in
     * https://github.com/riscv-collab/riscv-openocd/issues/1108
     */
    memset(wp_is_set, false, r->trigger_count);
    struct watchpoint *watchpoint = target->watchpoints;
    int i = 0;
    while (watchpoint) {
        LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "Watchpoint %" PRIu32 ": set=%s",
                watchpoint->unique_id,
                wp_is_set[i] ? "true" : "false");
        wp_is_set[i] = watchpoint->is_set;
        if (watchpoint->is_set) {
            if (riscv_remove_watchpoint(target, watchpoint) != ERROR_OK)
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
        watchpoint = watchpoint->next;
        i++;
    }
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static int enable_watchpoints(struct target *target, bool *wp_is_set)
{
    struct watchpoint *watchpoint = target->watchpoints;
    int i = 0;
    while (watchpoint) {
        LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "Watchpoint %" PRIu32
                ": %s to be re-enabled.", watchpoint->unique_id,
                wp_is_set[i] ? "needs " : "does not need");
        if (wp_is_set[i]) {
            if (riscv_add_watchpoint(target, watchpoint) != ERROR_OK)
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
        watchpoint = watchpoint->next;
        i++;
    }
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static int resume_prep(struct target *target, bool current,
        target_addr_t address, bool handle_breakpoints, bool debug_execution)
{
    assert(target->state == TARGET_HALTED);
    RISCV_INFO(r);
 
    if (!current && riscv_reg_set(target, GDB_REGNO_PC, address) != ERROR_OK)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
 
    if (handle_breakpoints) {
        /* To be able to run off a trigger, we perform a step operation and then
         * resume. If handle_breakpoints is true then step temporarily disables
         * pending breakpoints so we can safely perform the step.
         *
         * Two cases where single step is needed before resuming:
         * 1. ebreak used in software breakpoint;
         * 2. a trigger that is taken just before the instruction that triggered it is retired.
         */
        if (target->debug_reason == DBG_REASON_BREAKPOINT
            || (target->debug_reason == DBG_REASON_WATCHPOINT
            && r->need_single_step)) {
            if (old_or_new_riscv_step_impl(target, current, address, handle_breakpoints,
                    false /* callbacks are not called */) != ERROR_OK)
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
    }
 
    if (r->get_hart_state) {
        if (r->resume_prep(target) != ERROR_OK)
            return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "Mark as prepped.");
    r->prepped = true;
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static int resume_go(struct target *target, bool current,
        target_addr_t address, bool handle_breakpoints, bool debug_execution)
{
    assert(target->state == TARGET_HALTED);
    RISCV_INFO(r);
    int result;
    if (!r->get_hart_state) {
        struct target_type *tt = get_target_type(target);
        if (!tt)
            return ERROR_FAIL;
        result = tt->resume(target, current, address, handle_breakpoints,
                debug_execution);
    } else {
        result = riscv_resume_go_all_harts(target);
    }
 
    return result;
}
 
static int resume_finish(struct target *target, bool debug_execution)
{
    assert(target->state == TARGET_HALTED);
    if (riscv_reg_cache_any_dirty(target, LOG_LVL_ERROR)) {
        /* If this happens, it means there is a bug in the previous
         * register-flushing algorithm: not all registers were flushed
         * back to the target in preparation for the resume.*/
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target,
                "BUG: registers should have been flushed by this point.");
    }
 
    riscv_reg_cache_invalidate_all(target);
 
    target->state = debug_execution ? TARGET_DEBUG_RUNNING : TARGET_RUNNING;
    target->debug_reason = DBG_REASON_NOTHALTED;
    return target_call_event_callbacks(target,
        debug_execution ? TARGET_EVENT_DEBUG_RESUMED : TARGET_EVENT_RESUMED);
}
 
static int riscv_resume(struct target *target,
        bool current,
        target_addr_t address,
        bool handle_breakpoints,
        bool debug_execution,
        bool single_hart)
{
    int result = ERROR_OK;
 
    struct list_head *targets;
 
    OOCD_LIST_HEAD(single_target_list);
    struct target_list single_target_entry = {
        .lh = {NULL, NULL},
        .target = target
    };
 
    if (target->smp && !single_hart) {
        targets = target->smp_targets;
    } else {
        /* Make a list that just contains a single target, so we can
         * share code below. */
        list_add(&single_target_entry.lh, &single_target_list);
        targets = &single_target_list;
    }
 
    LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "current=%s, address=0x%"
                TARGET_PRIxADDR ", handle_breakpoints=%s, debug_exec=%s",
                current ? "true" : "false",
                address,
                handle_breakpoints ? "true" : "false",
                debug_execution ? "true" : "false");
 
    struct target_list *tlist;
    foreach_smp_target_direction(resume_order == RO_NORMAL, tlist, targets) {
        struct target *t = tlist->target;
        LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(t, "target->state=%s", target_state_name(t));
        if (t->state != TARGET_HALTED)
            LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(t, "skipping this target: target not halted");
        else if (resume_prep(t, current, address, handle_breakpoints,
                    debug_execution) != ERROR_OK)
            result = ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    foreach_smp_target_direction(resume_order == RO_NORMAL, tlist, targets) {
        struct target *t = tlist->target;
        struct riscv_info *i = riscv_info(t);
        if (i->prepped) {
            if (resume_go(t, current, address, handle_breakpoints,
                        debug_execution) != ERROR_OK)
                result = ERROR_FAIL;
        }
    }
 
    foreach_smp_target_direction(resume_order == RO_NORMAL, tlist, targets) {
        struct target *t = tlist->target;
        if (t->state == TARGET_HALTED) {
            if (resume_finish(t, debug_execution) != ERROR_OK)
                result = ERROR_FAIL;
        }
    }
 
    return result;
}
 
static int riscv_target_resume(struct target *target, bool current,
        target_addr_t address, bool handle_breakpoints, bool debug_execution)
{
    if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Not halted.");
        return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
    }
    return riscv_resume(target, current, address, handle_breakpoints,
            debug_execution, false);
}
 
static int riscv_effective_privilege_mode(struct target *target, int *v_mode, int *effective_mode)
{
    riscv_reg_t priv;
    if (riscv_reg_get(target, &priv, GDB_REGNO_PRIV) != ERROR_OK) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Failed to read priv register.");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
    *v_mode = get_field(priv, VIRT_PRIV_V);
 
    riscv_reg_t mstatus;
    if (riscv_reg_get(target, &mstatus, GDB_REGNO_MSTATUS) != ERROR_OK) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Failed to read mstatus register.");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    if (get_field(mstatus, MSTATUS_MPRV))
        *effective_mode = get_field(mstatus, MSTATUS_MPP);
    else
        *effective_mode = get_field(priv, VIRT_PRIV_PRV);
 
    LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "Effective mode=%d; v=%d", *effective_mode, *v_mode);
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static int riscv_mmu(struct target *target, bool *enabled)
{
    *enabled = false;
 
    if (!riscv_virt2phys_mode_is_sw(target))
        return ERROR_OK;
 
    /* Don't use MMU in explicit or effective M (machine) mode */
    riscv_reg_t priv;
    if (riscv_reg_get(target, &priv, GDB_REGNO_PRIV) != ERROR_OK) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Failed to read priv register.");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    int effective_mode;
    int v_mode;
    if (riscv_effective_privilege_mode(target, &v_mode, &effective_mode) != ERROR_OK)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
 
    unsigned int xlen = riscv_xlen(target);
 
    if (v_mode) {
        /* In VU or VS mode, MMU is considered enabled when
         * either hgatp or vsatp mode is not OFF */
        riscv_reg_t vsatp;
        if (riscv_reg_get(target, &vsatp, GDB_REGNO_VSATP) != ERROR_OK) {
            LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Failed to read vsatp register; priv=0x%" PRIx64,
                    priv);
            return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
        /* vsatp is identical to satp, so we can use the satp macros. */
        if (get_field(vsatp, RISCV_SATP_MODE(xlen)) != SATP_MODE_OFF) {
            LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "VS-stage translation is enabled.");
            *enabled = true;
            return ERROR_OK;
        }
 
        riscv_reg_t hgatp;
        if (riscv_reg_get(target, &hgatp, GDB_REGNO_HGATP) != ERROR_OK) {
            LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Failed to read hgatp register; priv=0x%" PRIx64,
                    priv);
            return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
        if (get_field(hgatp, RISCV_HGATP_MODE(xlen)) != HGATP_MODE_OFF) {
            LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "G-stage address translation is enabled.");
            *enabled = true;
        } else {
            LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "No V-mode address translation enabled.");
        }
 
        return ERROR_OK;
    }
 
    /* Don't use MMU in explicit or effective M (machine) mode */
    if (effective_mode == PRV_M) {
        LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "SATP/MMU ignored in Machine mode.");
        return ERROR_OK;
    }
 
    riscv_reg_t satp;
    if (riscv_reg_get(target, &satp, GDB_REGNO_SATP) != ERROR_OK) {
        LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "Couldn't read SATP.");
        /* If we can't read SATP, then there must not be an MMU. */
        return ERROR_OK;
    }
 
    if (get_field(satp, RISCV_SATP_MODE(xlen)) == SATP_MODE_OFF) {
        LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "MMU is disabled.");
    } else {
        LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "MMU is enabled.");
        *enabled = true;
    }
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
/* Translate address from virtual to physical, using info and ppn.
 * If extra_info is non-NULL, then translate page table accesses for the primary
 * translation using extra_info and extra_ppn. */
static int riscv_address_translate(struct target *target,
        const virt2phys_info_t *info, target_addr_t ppn,
        const virt2phys_info_t *extra_info, target_addr_t extra_ppn,
        target_addr_t virtual, target_addr_t *physical)
{
    RISCV_INFO(r);
    unsigned int xlen = riscv_xlen(target);
 
    LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "mode=%s; ppn=0x%" TARGET_PRIxADDR "; virtual=0x%" TARGET_PRIxADDR,
        info->name, ppn, virtual);
 
    /* verify bits xlen-1:va_bits-1 are all equal */
    assert(xlen >= info->va_bits);
    target_addr_t mask = ((target_addr_t)1 << (xlen - (info->va_bits - 1))) - 1;
    target_addr_t masked_msbs = (virtual >> (info->va_bits - 1)) & mask;
    if (masked_msbs != 0 && masked_msbs != mask) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Virtual address 0x%" TARGET_PRIxADDR " is not sign-extended "
                "for %s mode.", virtual, info->name);
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    uint64_t pte = 0;
    target_addr_t table_address = ppn << RISCV_PGSHIFT;
    int i = info->level - 1;
    while (i >= 0) {
        uint64_t vpn = virtual >> info->vpn_shift[i];
        vpn &= info->vpn_mask[i];
        target_addr_t pte_address = table_address + (vpn << info->pte_shift);
 
        if (extra_info) {
            /* Perform extra stage translation. */
            if (riscv_address_translate(target, extra_info, extra_ppn,
                            NULL, 0, pte_address, &pte_address) != ERROR_OK)
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
 
        uint8_t buffer[8];
        assert(info->pte_shift <= 3);
        const struct riscv_mem_access_args args = {
            .address = pte_address,
            .read_buffer = buffer,
            .size = 4,
            .increment = 4,
            .count = (1 << info->pte_shift) / 4,
        };
        int retval = r->access_memory(target, args);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
            return ERROR_FAIL;
 
        if (info->pte_shift == 2)
            pte = buf_get_u32(buffer, 0, 32);
        else
            pte = buf_get_u64(buffer, 0, 64);
 
        LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "i=%d; PTE @0x%" TARGET_PRIxADDR " = 0x%" PRIx64, i,
                pte_address, pte);
 
        if (!(pte & PTE_V) || (!(pte & PTE_R) && (pte & PTE_W))) {
            LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "invalid PTE @0x%" TARGET_PRIxADDR ": 0x%" PRIx64
                    "; mode=%s; i=%d", pte_address, pte, info->name, i);
            return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
 
        if ((pte & PTE_R) || (pte & PTE_W) || (pte & PTE_X)) /* Found leaf PTE. */
            break;
 
        i--;
        if (i < 0)
            break;
        ppn = pte >> PTE_PPN_SHIFT;
        table_address = ppn << RISCV_PGSHIFT;
    }
 
    if (i < 0) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Couldn't find the PTE.");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    /* Make sure to clear out the high bits that may be set. */
    *physical = virtual & (((target_addr_t)1 << info->va_bits) - 1);
 
    while (i < info->level) {
        ppn = pte >> info->pte_ppn_shift[i];
        ppn &= info->pte_ppn_mask[i];
        *physical &= ~(((target_addr_t)info->pa_ppn_mask[i]) <<
                info->pa_ppn_shift[i]);
        *physical |= (ppn << info->pa_ppn_shift[i]);
        i++;
    }
    LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "mode=%s; 0x%" TARGET_PRIxADDR " -> 0x%" TARGET_PRIxADDR,
             info->name, virtual, *physical);
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
/* Virtual to physical translation for hypervisor mode. */
static int riscv_virt2phys_v(struct target *target, target_addr_t virtual, target_addr_t *physical)
{
    riscv_reg_t vsatp;
    if (riscv_reg_get(target, &vsatp, GDB_REGNO_VSATP) != ERROR_OK) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Failed to read vsatp register.");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
    /* vsatp is identical to satp, so we can use the satp macros. */
    unsigned int xlen = riscv_xlen(target);
    int vsatp_mode = get_field(vsatp, RISCV_SATP_MODE(xlen));
    LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "VS-stage translation mode: %d", vsatp_mode);
    riscv_reg_t hgatp;
    if (riscv_reg_get(target, &hgatp, GDB_REGNO_HGATP) != ERROR_OK) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Failed to read hgatp register.");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
    int hgatp_mode = get_field(hgatp, RISCV_HGATP_MODE(xlen));
    LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "G-stage translation mode: %d", hgatp_mode);
 
    const virt2phys_info_t *vsatp_info;
    /* VS-stage address translation. */
    switch (vsatp_mode) {
    case SATP_MODE_SV32:
        vsatp_info = &sv32;
        break;
    case SATP_MODE_SV39:
        vsatp_info = &sv39;
        break;
    case SATP_MODE_SV48:
        vsatp_info = &sv48;
        break;
    case SATP_MODE_SV57:
        vsatp_info = &sv57;
        break;
    case SATP_MODE_OFF:
        vsatp_info = NULL;
        LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "vsatp mode is %d. No VS-stage translation. (vsatp: 0x%" PRIx64 ")",
            vsatp_mode, vsatp);
        break;
    default:
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target,
            "vsatp mode %d is not supported. (vsatp: 0x%" PRIx64 ")",
            vsatp_mode, vsatp);
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    const virt2phys_info_t *hgatp_info;
    /* G-stage address translation. */
    switch (hgatp_mode) {
    case HGATP_MODE_SV32X4:
        hgatp_info = &sv32x4;
        break;
    case HGATP_MODE_SV39X4:
        hgatp_info = &sv39x4;
        break;
    case HGATP_MODE_SV48X4:
        hgatp_info = &sv48x4;
        break;
    case HGATP_MODE_SV57X4:
        hgatp_info = &sv57x4;
        break;
    case HGATP_MODE_OFF:
        hgatp_info = NULL;
        LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "hgatp mode is %d. No G-stage translation. (hgatp: 0x%" PRIx64 ")",
            hgatp_mode, hgatp);
        break;
    default:
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target,
            "hgatp mode %d is not supported. (hgatp: 0x%" PRIx64 ")",
            hgatp_mode, hgatp);
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    /* For any virtual memory access, the original virtual address is
        * converted in the first stage by VS-level address translation,
        * as controlled by the vsatp register, into a guest physical
        * address. */
    target_addr_t guest_physical;
    if (vsatp_info) {
        /* When V=1, memory accesses that would normally bypass
            * address translation are subject to G- stage address
            * translation alone.  This includes memory accesses made
            * in support of VS-stage address translation, such as
            * reads and writes of VS-level page tables. */
 
        if (riscv_address_translate(target,
                vsatp_info, get_field(vsatp, RISCV_SATP_PPN(xlen)),
                hgatp_info, get_field(hgatp, RISCV_SATP_PPN(xlen)),
                virtual, &guest_physical) != ERROR_OK)
            return ERROR_FAIL;
    } else {
        guest_physical = virtual;
    }
 
    /* The guest physical address is then converted in the second
        * stage by guest physical address translation, as controlled by
        * the hgatp register, into a supervisor physical address. */
    if (hgatp_info) {
        if (riscv_address_translate(target,
                hgatp_info, get_field(hgatp, RISCV_HGATP_PPN(xlen)),
                NULL, 0,
                guest_physical, physical) != ERROR_OK)
            return ERROR_FAIL;
    } else {
        *physical = guest_physical;
    }
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static int riscv_virt2phys(struct target *target, target_addr_t virtual, target_addr_t *physical)
{
    bool enabled;
    if (riscv_mmu(target, &enabled) != ERROR_OK)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    if (!enabled) {
        *physical = virtual;
        LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "MMU is disabled. 0x%" TARGET_PRIxADDR " -> 0x%" TARGET_PRIxADDR, virtual, *physical);
        return ERROR_OK;
    }
 
    riscv_reg_t priv;
    if (riscv_reg_get(target, &priv, GDB_REGNO_PRIV) != ERROR_OK) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Failed to read priv register.");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    if (priv & VIRT_PRIV_V)
        return riscv_virt2phys_v(target, virtual, physical);
 
    riscv_reg_t satp_value;
    if (riscv_reg_get(target, &satp_value, GDB_REGNO_SATP) != ERROR_OK) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Failed to read SATP register.");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    unsigned int xlen = riscv_xlen(target);
    int satp_mode = get_field(satp_value, RISCV_SATP_MODE(xlen));
    const virt2phys_info_t *satp_info;
    switch (satp_mode) {
    case SATP_MODE_SV32:
        satp_info = &sv32;
        break;
    case SATP_MODE_SV39:
        satp_info = &sv39;
        break;
    case SATP_MODE_SV48:
        satp_info = &sv48;
        break;
    case SATP_MODE_SV57:
        satp_info = &sv57;
        break;
    case SATP_MODE_OFF:
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "No translation or protection."
                  " (satp: 0x%" PRIx64 ")", satp_value);
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    default:
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "The translation mode is not supported."
                  " (satp: 0x%" PRIx64 ")", satp_value);
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    return riscv_address_translate(target,
            satp_info, get_field(satp_value, RISCV_SATP_PPN(xlen)),
            NULL, 0,
            virtual, physical);
}
 
static int check_virt_memory_access(struct target *target, target_addr_t address,
            uint32_t size, uint32_t count, bool is_write)
{
    const bool is_misaligned = address % size != 0;
    // TODO: This assumes that size of each page is 4 KiB, which is not necessarily the case.
    const bool crosses_page_boundary = RISCV_PGBASE(address + size * count - 1) != RISCV_PGBASE(address);
    if (is_misaligned && crosses_page_boundary) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Mis-aligned memory %s (address=0x%" TARGET_PRIxADDR ", size=%d, count=%d)"
            " would access an element across page boundary. This is not supported.",
            is_write ? "write" : "read", address, size, count);
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static int riscv_read_phys_memory(struct target *target, target_addr_t phys_address,
            uint32_t size, uint32_t count, uint8_t *buffer)
{
    const struct riscv_mem_access_args args = {
        .address = phys_address,
        .read_buffer = buffer,
        .size = size,
        .count = count,
        .increment = size,
    };
    RISCV_INFO(r);
    return r->access_memory(target, args);
}
 
static int riscv_write_phys_memory(struct target *target, target_addr_t phys_address,
            uint32_t size, uint32_t count, const uint8_t *buffer)
{
    const struct riscv_mem_access_args args = {
        .address = phys_address,
        .write_buffer = buffer,
        .size = size,
        .count = count,
        .increment = size,
    };
 
    RISCV_INFO(r);
    return r->access_memory(target, args);
}
 
static int riscv_rw_memory(struct target *target, const struct riscv_mem_access_args args)
{
    assert(riscv_mem_access_is_valid(args));
 
    const bool is_write = riscv_mem_access_is_write(args);
    if (args.count == 0) {
        LOG_TARGET_WARNING(target, "0-length %s 0x%" TARGET_PRIxADDR,
                is_write ? "write to" : "read from", args.address);
        return ERROR_OK;
    }
 
    bool mmu_enabled;
    int result = riscv_mmu(target, &mmu_enabled);
    if (result != ERROR_OK)
        return result;
 
    RISCV_INFO(r);
    if (!mmu_enabled)
        return r->access_memory(target, args);
 
    result = check_virt_memory_access(target, args.address,
            args.size, args.count, is_write);
    if (result != ERROR_OK)
        return result;
 
    uint32_t current_count = 0;
    target_addr_t current_address = args.address;
    while (current_count < args.count) {
        target_addr_t physical_addr;
        result = target->type->virt2phys(target, current_address, &physical_addr);
        if (result != ERROR_OK) {
            LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Address translation failed.");
            return result;
        }
 
        /* TODO: For simplicity, this algorithm assumes the worst case - the smallest possible page size,
         * which is  4 KiB. The algorithm can be improved to detect the real page size, and allow to use larger
         * memory transfers and avoid extra unnecessary virt2phys address translations. */
        uint32_t chunk_count = MIN(args.count - current_count,
                (RISCV_PGSIZE - RISCV_PGOFFSET(current_address))
                / args.size);
 
        struct riscv_mem_access_args current_access = args;
        current_access.address = physical_addr;
        current_access.count = chunk_count;
        if (is_write)
            current_access.write_buffer += current_count * args.size;
        else
            current_access.read_buffer += current_count * args.size;
 
        result = r->access_memory(target, current_access);
        if (result != ERROR_OK)
            return result;
 
        current_count += chunk_count;
        current_address += chunk_count * args.size;
    }
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static int riscv_read_memory(struct target *target, target_addr_t address,
        uint32_t size, uint32_t count, uint8_t *buffer)
{
    const struct riscv_mem_access_args args = {
        .address = address,
        .read_buffer = buffer,
        .size = size,
        .count = count,
        .increment = size,
    };
 
    return riscv_rw_memory(target, args);
}
 
static int riscv_write_memory(struct target *target, target_addr_t address,
        uint32_t size, uint32_t count, const uint8_t *buffer)
{
    const struct riscv_mem_access_args args = {
        .address = address,
        .write_buffer = buffer,
        .size = size,
        .count = count,
        .increment = size,
    };
 
    return riscv_rw_memory(target, args);
}
 
static const char *riscv_get_gdb_arch(const struct target *target)
{
    switch (riscv_xlen(target)) {
    case 32:
        return "riscv:rv32";
    case 64:
        return "riscv:rv64";
    }
    LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Unsupported xlen: %d", riscv_xlen(target));
    return NULL;
}
 
static int riscv_get_gdb_reg_list_internal(struct target *target,
        struct reg **reg_list[], int *reg_list_size,
        enum target_register_class reg_class, bool is_read)
{
    LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "reg_class=%d, read=%d", reg_class, is_read);
 
    if (!target->reg_cache) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Target not initialized. Return ERROR_FAIL.");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    switch (reg_class) {
    case REG_CLASS_GENERAL:
        *reg_list_size = 33;
        break;
    case REG_CLASS_ALL:
        *reg_list_size = target->reg_cache->num_regs;
        break;
    default:
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Unsupported reg_class: %d", reg_class);
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    *reg_list = calloc(*reg_list_size, sizeof(struct reg *));
    if (!*reg_list)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
 
    for (int i = 0; i < *reg_list_size; i++) {
        assert(!target->reg_cache->reg_list[i].valid ||
                target->reg_cache->reg_list[i].size > 0);
        (*reg_list)[i] = &target->reg_cache->reg_list[i];
        if (is_read &&
                target->reg_cache->reg_list[i].exist &&
                !target->reg_cache->reg_list[i].valid) {
            if (target->reg_cache->reg_list[i].type->get(&target->reg_cache->reg_list[i]) != ERROR_OK)
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
    }
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static int riscv_get_gdb_reg_list_noread(struct target *target,
        struct reg **reg_list[], int *reg_list_size,
        enum target_register_class reg_class)
{
    return riscv_get_gdb_reg_list_internal(target, reg_list, reg_list_size,
            reg_class, false);
}
 
static int riscv_get_gdb_reg_list(struct target *target,
        struct reg **reg_list[], int *reg_list_size,
        enum target_register_class reg_class)
{
    return riscv_get_gdb_reg_list_internal(target, reg_list, reg_list_size,
            reg_class, true);
}
 
static int riscv_arch_state(struct target *target)
{
    assert(target->state == TARGET_HALTED);
    const bool semihosting_active = target->semihosting &&
        target->semihosting->is_active;
    LOG_USER("%s halted due to %s.%s",
            target_name(target),
            debug_reason_name(target),
            semihosting_active ? " Semihosting is active." : "");
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
/* Algorithm must end with a software breakpoint instruction. */
static int riscv_run_algorithm(struct target *target, int num_mem_params,
        struct mem_param *mem_params, int num_reg_params,
        struct reg_param *reg_params, target_addr_t entry_point,
        target_addr_t exit_point, unsigned int timeout_ms, void *arch_info)
{
    RISCV_INFO(info);
 
    if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "not halted (run target algo)");
        return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
    }
 
    /* Write memory parameters to the target memory */
    for (int i = 0; i < num_mem_params; i++) {
        if (mem_params[i].direction == PARAM_OUT ||
                mem_params[i].direction == PARAM_IN_OUT) {
            int retval = target_write_buffer(target, mem_params[i].address, mem_params[i].size, mem_params[i].value);
            if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Couldn't write input mem param into the memory, addr=0x%" TARGET_PRIxADDR
                    " size=0x%" PRIx32, mem_params[i].address, mem_params[i].size);
                return retval;
            }
        }
    }
 
    /* Save registers */
    struct reg *reg_pc = register_get_by_name(target->reg_cache, "pc", true);
    if (!reg_pc || reg_pc->type->get(reg_pc) != ERROR_OK)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    uint64_t saved_pc = buf_get_u64(reg_pc->value, 0, reg_pc->size);
    LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "saved_pc=0x%" PRIx64, saved_pc);
 
    uint64_t saved_regs[32];
    for (int i = 0; i < num_reg_params; i++) {
        LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "save %s", reg_params[i].reg_name);
        struct reg *r = register_get_by_name(target->reg_cache, reg_params[i].reg_name, false);
        if (!r) {
            LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Couldn't find register named '%s'", reg_params[i].reg_name);
            return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
 
        if (r->size != reg_params[i].size) {
            LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Register %s is %d bits instead of %d bits.",
                    reg_params[i].reg_name, r->size, reg_params[i].size);
            return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
 
        if (r->number > GDB_REGNO_XPR31) {
            LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Only GPRs can be use as argument registers.");
            return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
 
        if (r->type->get(r) != ERROR_OK)
            return ERROR_FAIL;
        saved_regs[r->number] = buf_get_u64(r->value, 0, r->size);
 
        if (reg_params[i].direction == PARAM_OUT || reg_params[i].direction == PARAM_IN_OUT) {
            if (r->type->set(r, reg_params[i].value) != ERROR_OK)
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
    }
 
    /* Disable Interrupts before attempting to run the algorithm. */
    riscv_reg_t current_mstatus;
    if (riscv_interrupts_disable(target, &current_mstatus) != ERROR_OK)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
 
    /* Run algorithm */
    LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "resume at 0x%" TARGET_PRIxADDR, entry_point);
    if (riscv_resume(target, false, entry_point, false, true, true) != ERROR_OK)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
 
    int64_t start = timeval_ms();
    while (target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
        LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "poll()");
        int64_t now = timeval_ms();
        if (now - start > timeout_ms) {
            LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Algorithm timed out after %" PRId64 " ms.", now - start);
            riscv_halt(target);
            old_or_new_riscv_poll(target);
            enum gdb_regno regnums[] = {
                GDB_REGNO_RA, GDB_REGNO_SP, GDB_REGNO_GP, GDB_REGNO_TP,
                GDB_REGNO_T0, GDB_REGNO_T1, GDB_REGNO_T2, GDB_REGNO_FP,
                GDB_REGNO_S1, GDB_REGNO_A0, GDB_REGNO_A1, GDB_REGNO_A2,
                GDB_REGNO_A3, GDB_REGNO_A4, GDB_REGNO_A5, GDB_REGNO_A6,
                GDB_REGNO_A7, GDB_REGNO_S2, GDB_REGNO_S3, GDB_REGNO_S4,
                GDB_REGNO_S5, GDB_REGNO_S6, GDB_REGNO_S7, GDB_REGNO_S8,
                GDB_REGNO_S9, GDB_REGNO_S10, GDB_REGNO_S11, GDB_REGNO_T3,
                GDB_REGNO_T4, GDB_REGNO_T5, GDB_REGNO_T6,
                GDB_REGNO_PC,
                GDB_REGNO_MSTATUS, GDB_REGNO_MEPC, GDB_REGNO_MCAUSE,
            };
            for (unsigned int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(regnums); i++) {
                enum gdb_regno regno = regnums[i];
                riscv_reg_t reg_value;
                if (riscv_reg_get(target, &reg_value, regno) != ERROR_OK)
                    break;
 
                LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "%s = 0x%" PRIx64, riscv_reg_gdb_regno_name(target, regno), reg_value);
            }
            return ERROR_TARGET_TIMEOUT;
        }
 
        int result = old_or_new_riscv_poll(target);
        if (result != ERROR_OK)
            return result;
    }
 
    /* TODO: The current hart id might have been changed in poll(). */
    /* if (riscv_select_current_hart(target) != ERROR_OK)
        return ERROR_FAIL; */
 
    if (reg_pc->type->get(reg_pc) != ERROR_OK)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    uint64_t final_pc = buf_get_u64(reg_pc->value, 0, reg_pc->size);
    if (exit_point && final_pc != exit_point) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "PC ended up at 0x%" PRIx64 " instead of 0x%"
                TARGET_PRIxADDR, final_pc, exit_point);
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    /* Restore Interrupts */
    if (riscv_interrupts_restore(target, current_mstatus) != ERROR_OK)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
 
    /* Restore registers */
    uint8_t buf[8] = { 0 };
    buf_set_u64(buf, 0, info->xlen, saved_pc);
    if (reg_pc->type->set(reg_pc, buf) != ERROR_OK)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
 
    for (int i = 0; i < num_reg_params; i++) {
        if (reg_params[i].direction == PARAM_IN ||
                reg_params[i].direction == PARAM_IN_OUT) {
            struct reg *r = register_get_by_name(target->reg_cache, reg_params[i].reg_name, false);
            if (r->type->get(r) != ERROR_OK) {
                LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "get(%s) failed", r->name);
                return ERROR_FAIL;
            }
            buf_cpy(r->value, reg_params[i].value, reg_params[i].size);
        }
        LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "restore %s", reg_params[i].reg_name);
        struct reg *r = register_get_by_name(target->reg_cache, reg_params[i].reg_name, false);
        buf_set_u64(buf, 0, info->xlen, saved_regs[r->number]);
        if (r->type->set(r, buf) != ERROR_OK) {
            LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "set(%s) failed", r->name);
            return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
    }
 
    /* Read memory parameters from the target memory */
    for (int i = 0; i < num_mem_params; i++) {
        if (mem_params[i].direction == PARAM_IN ||
                mem_params[i].direction == PARAM_IN_OUT) {
            int retval = target_read_buffer(target, mem_params[i].address, mem_params[i].size,
                    mem_params[i].value);
            if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Couldn't read output mem param from the memory, "
                    "addr=0x%" TARGET_PRIxADDR " size=0x%" PRIx32,
                    mem_params[i].address, mem_params[i].size);
                return retval;
            }
        }
    }
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static int riscv_checksum_memory(struct target *target,
        target_addr_t address, uint32_t count,
        uint32_t *checksum)
{
    struct working_area *crc_algorithm;
    struct reg_param reg_params[2];
    int retval;
 
    LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "address=0x%" TARGET_PRIxADDR "; count=0x%" PRIx32, address, count);
 
    static const uint8_t riscv32_crc_code[] = {
#include "../../../contrib/loaders/checksum/riscv32_crc.inc"
    };
    static const uint8_t riscv64_crc_code[] = {
#include "../../../contrib/loaders/checksum/riscv64_crc.inc"
    };
 
    static const uint8_t *crc_code;
 
    unsigned int xlen = riscv_xlen(target);
    unsigned int crc_code_size;
    if (xlen == 32) {
        crc_code = riscv32_crc_code;
        crc_code_size = sizeof(riscv32_crc_code);
    } else {
        crc_code = riscv64_crc_code;
        crc_code_size = sizeof(riscv64_crc_code);
    }
 
    if (count < crc_code_size * 4) {
        /* Don't use the algorithm for relatively small buffers. It's faster
         * just to read the memory.  target_checksum_memory() will take care of
         * that if we fail. */
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    retval = target_alloc_working_area(target, crc_code_size, &crc_algorithm);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        return retval;
 
    if (crc_algorithm->address + crc_algorithm->size > address &&
            crc_algorithm->address < address + count) {
        /* Region to checksum overlaps with the work area we've been assigned.
         * Bail. (Would be better to manually checksum what we read there, and
         * use the algorithm for the rest.) */
        target_free_working_area(target, crc_algorithm);
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    retval = target_write_buffer(target, crc_algorithm->address, crc_code_size,
            crc_code);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Failed to write code to " TARGET_ADDR_FMT ": %d",
                crc_algorithm->address, retval);
        target_free_working_area(target, crc_algorithm);
        return retval;
    }
 
    init_reg_param(&reg_params[0], "a0", xlen, PARAM_IN_OUT);
    init_reg_param(&reg_params[1], "a1", xlen, PARAM_OUT);
    buf_set_u64(reg_params[0].value, 0, xlen, address);
    buf_set_u64(reg_params[1].value, 0, xlen, count);
 
    /* 20 second timeout/megabyte */
    unsigned int timeout = 20000 * (1 + (count / (1024 * 1024)));
 
    retval = target_run_algorithm(target, 0, NULL, 2, reg_params,
            crc_algorithm->address,
            0,  /* Leave exit point unspecified because we don't know. */
            timeout, NULL);
 
    if (retval == ERROR_OK)
        *checksum = buf_get_u32(reg_params[0].value, 0, 32);
    else
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Error executing RISC-V CRC algorithm.");
 
    destroy_reg_param(&reg_params[0]);
    destroy_reg_param(&reg_params[1]);
 
    target_free_working_area(target, crc_algorithm);
 
    LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "checksum=0x%" PRIx32 ", result=%d", *checksum, retval);
 
    return retval;
}
 
/*** OpenOCD Helper Functions ***/
 
enum riscv_next_action {
    RPH_NONE,
    RPH_RESUME,
    RPH_REMAIN_HALTED
};
static int riscv_poll_hart(struct target *target, enum riscv_next_action *next_action)
{
    RISCV_INFO(r);
 
    LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "polling, target->state=%d", target->state);
 
    *next_action = RPH_NONE;
 
    enum riscv_hart_state previous_riscv_state = 0;
    enum target_state previous_target_state = target->state;
    switch (target->state) {
    case TARGET_UNKNOWN:
        /* Special case, handled further down. */
        previous_riscv_state = RISCV_STATE_UNAVAILABLE; /* Need to assign something. */
        break;
    case TARGET_RUNNING:
        previous_riscv_state = RISCV_STATE_RUNNING;
        break;
    case TARGET_HALTED:
        previous_riscv_state = RISCV_STATE_HALTED;
        break;
    case TARGET_RESET:
        previous_riscv_state = RISCV_STATE_HALTED;
        break;
    case TARGET_DEBUG_RUNNING:
        previous_riscv_state = RISCV_STATE_RUNNING;
        break;
    case TARGET_UNAVAILABLE:
        previous_riscv_state = RISCV_STATE_UNAVAILABLE;
        break;
    }
 
    /* If OpenOCD thinks we're running but this hart is halted then it's time
     * to raise an event. */
    enum riscv_hart_state state;
    if (riscv_get_hart_state(target, &state) != ERROR_OK)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
 
    if (state == RISCV_STATE_NON_EXISTENT) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Hart is non-existent!");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    if (state == RISCV_STATE_HALTED && timeval_ms() - r->last_activity > 100) {
        /* If we've been idle for a while, flush the register cache. Just in case
         * OpenOCD is going to be disconnected without shutting down cleanly. */
        if (riscv_reg_flush_all(target) != ERROR_OK)
            return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    if (target->state == TARGET_UNKNOWN || state != previous_riscv_state) {
        switch (state) {
        case RISCV_STATE_HALTED:
            if (previous_riscv_state == RISCV_STATE_UNAVAILABLE)
                LOG_TARGET_INFO(target, "became available (halted)");
 
            LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "  triggered a halt; previous_target_state=%d",
                previous_target_state);
            target->state = TARGET_HALTED;
            enum riscv_halt_reason halt_reason = riscv_halt_reason(target);
            if (set_debug_reason(target, halt_reason) != ERROR_OK)
                return ERROR_FAIL;
 
            if (halt_reason == RISCV_HALT_EBREAK) {
                int retval;
                /* Detect if this EBREAK is a semihosting request. If so, handle it. */
                switch (riscv_semihosting(target, &retval)) {
                case SEMIHOSTING_NONE:
                    break;
                case SEMIHOSTING_WAITING:
                    /* This hart should remain halted. */
                    *next_action = RPH_REMAIN_HALTED;
                    break;
                case SEMIHOSTING_HANDLED:
                    /* This hart should be resumed, along with any other
                    * harts that halted due to haltgroups. */
                    *next_action = RPH_RESUME;
                    return ERROR_OK;
                case SEMIHOSTING_ERROR:
                    return retval;
                }
            }
 
            if (r->handle_became_halted &&
                    r->handle_became_halted(target, previous_riscv_state) != ERROR_OK)
                return ERROR_FAIL;
 
            /* We shouldn't do the callbacks yet. What if
             * there are multiple harts that halted at the
             * same time? We need to set debug reason on each
             * of them before calling a callback, which is
             * going to figure out the "current thread". */
 
            r->halted_needs_event_callback = true;
            if (previous_target_state == TARGET_DEBUG_RUNNING)
                r->halted_callback_event = TARGET_EVENT_DEBUG_HALTED;
            else
                r->halted_callback_event = TARGET_EVENT_HALTED;
            break;
 
        case RISCV_STATE_RUNNING:
            if (previous_riscv_state == RISCV_STATE_UNAVAILABLE)
                LOG_TARGET_INFO(target, "became available (running)");
 
            LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "  triggered running");
            target->state = TARGET_RUNNING;
            target->debug_reason = DBG_REASON_NOTHALTED;
            if (r->handle_became_running &&
                    r->handle_became_running(target, previous_riscv_state) != ERROR_OK)
                return ERROR_FAIL;
            break;
 
        case RISCV_STATE_UNAVAILABLE:
            LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "  became unavailable");
            LOG_TARGET_INFO(target, "became unavailable.");
            target->state = TARGET_UNAVAILABLE;
            if (r->handle_became_unavailable &&
                    r->handle_became_unavailable(target, previous_riscv_state) != ERROR_OK)
                return ERROR_FAIL;
            break;
 
        case RISCV_STATE_NON_EXISTENT:
            LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Hart is non-existent!");
            target->state = TARGET_UNAVAILABLE;
            break;
        }
    }
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static int sample_memory(struct target *target)
{
    RISCV_INFO(r);
 
    if (!r->sample_buf.buf || !r->sample_config.enabled)
        return ERROR_OK;
 
    LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "buf used/size: %d/%d", r->sample_buf.used, r->sample_buf.size);
 
    uint64_t start = timeval_ms();
    riscv_sample_buf_maybe_add_timestamp(target, true);
    int result = ERROR_OK;
    if (r->sample_memory) {
        result = r->sample_memory(target, &r->sample_buf, &r->sample_config,
                                      start + TARGET_DEFAULT_POLLING_INTERVAL);
        if (result != ERROR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED)
            goto exit;
    }
 
    /* Default slow path. */
    while (timeval_ms() - start < TARGET_DEFAULT_POLLING_INTERVAL) {
        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(r->sample_config.bucket); i++) {
            if (r->sample_config.bucket[i].enabled &&
                    r->sample_buf.used + 1 + r->sample_config.bucket[i].size_bytes < r->sample_buf.size) {
                assert(i < RISCV_SAMPLE_BUF_TIMESTAMP_BEFORE);
                r->sample_buf.buf[r->sample_buf.used] = i;
                result = riscv_read_phys_memory(target,
                    r->sample_config.bucket[i].address,
                    r->sample_config.bucket[i].size_bytes, 1,
                    r->sample_buf.buf + r->sample_buf.used + 1);
                if (result == ERROR_OK)
                    r->sample_buf.used += 1 + r->sample_config.bucket[i].size_bytes;
                else
                    goto exit;
            }
        }
    }
 
exit:
    riscv_sample_buf_maybe_add_timestamp(target, false);
    if (result != ERROR_OK) {
        LOG_TARGET_INFO(target, "Turning off memory sampling because it failed.");
        r->sample_config.enabled = false;
    }
    return result;
}
 
/*** OpenOCD Interface ***/
int riscv_openocd_poll(struct target *target)
{
    LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "Polling all harts.");
 
    struct riscv_info *i = riscv_info(target);
 
    struct list_head *targets;
 
    OOCD_LIST_HEAD(single_target_list);
    struct target_list single_target_entry = {
        .lh = {NULL, NULL},
        .target = target
    };
 
    if (target->smp) {
        targets = target->smp_targets;
    } else {
        /* Make a list that just contains a single target, so we can
         * share code below. */
        list_add(&single_target_entry.lh, &single_target_list);
        targets = &single_target_list;
    }
 
    unsigned int should_remain_halted = 0;
    unsigned int should_resume = 0;
    unsigned int halted = 0;
    unsigned int running = 0;
    unsigned int cause_groups = 0;
    struct target_list *entry;
    foreach_smp_target(entry, targets) {
        struct target *t = entry->target;
        struct riscv_info *info = riscv_info(t);
 
        /* Clear here just in case there were errors and we never got to
         * check this flag further down. */
        info->halted_needs_event_callback = false;
 
        if (!target_was_examined(t))
            continue;
 
        enum riscv_next_action next_action;
        if (riscv_poll_hart(t, &next_action) != ERROR_OK)
            return ERROR_FAIL;
 
        switch (next_action) {
        case RPH_NONE:
            if (t->state == TARGET_HALTED)
                halted++;
            if (t->state == TARGET_RUNNING ||
                t->state == TARGET_DEBUG_RUNNING)
                running++;
            break;
        case RPH_REMAIN_HALTED:
            should_remain_halted++;
            break;
        case RPH_RESUME:
            should_resume++;
            break;
        }
    }
 
    LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "should_remain_halted=%d, should_resume=%d",
                should_remain_halted, should_resume);
    if (should_remain_halted && should_resume) {
        LOG_TARGET_WARNING(target, "%d harts should remain halted, and %d should resume.",
                    should_remain_halted, should_resume);
    }
    if (should_remain_halted) {
        LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "halt all; should_remain_halted=%d",
            should_remain_halted);
        riscv_halt(target);
    } else if (should_resume) {
        LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "resume all");
        riscv_resume(target, true, 0, 0, 0, false);
    } else if (halted && running) {
        LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "SMP group is in inconsistent state: %u halted, %u running",
                    halted, running);
 
        /* The SMP group is in an inconsistent state - some harts in the group have halted
         * whereas others are running. The reasons for that (and corresponding
         * OpenOCD actions) could be:
         * 1) The targets are in the process of halting due to halt groups
         *    but not all of them halted --> poll again so that the halt reason of every
         *    hart can be accurately determined (e.g. semihosting).
         * 2) The targets do not support halt groups --> OpenOCD must halt
         *    the remaining harts by a standard halt request.
         * 3) The hart states got out of sync for some other unknown reason (problem?). -->
         *    Same as previous - try to halt the harts by a standard halt request
         *    to get them back in sync. */
 
        /* Detect if the harts are just in the process of halting due to a halt group */
        foreach_smp_target(entry, targets)
        {
            struct target *t = entry->target;
            if (t->state == TARGET_HALTED) {
                riscv_reg_t dcsr;
                if (riscv_reg_get(t, &dcsr, GDB_REGNO_DCSR) != ERROR_OK)
                    return ERROR_FAIL;
                if (get_field(dcsr, CSR_DCSR_CAUSE) == CSR_DCSR_CAUSE_GROUP)
                    cause_groups++;
                else
                    /* This hart has halted due to something else than a halt group.
                     * Don't continue checking the rest - exit early. */
                    break;
            }
        }
        /* Condition: halted == cause_groups
         *
         * This condition indicates a paradox where:
         * - All currently halted harts show CSR_DCSR_CAUSE_GROUP
         * - However, no individual hart can be identified as the actual initiator of the halt condition
         *
         * Poll again so that the true halt reason can be discovered (e.g. CSR_DCSR_CAUSE_EBREAK) */
        if (halted == cause_groups) {
            LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "The harts appear to just be in the process of halting due to a halt group.");
            if (i->halt_group_repoll_count < RISCV_HALT_GROUP_REPOLL_LIMIT) {
                /* Wait a little, then re-poll. */
                i->halt_group_repoll_count++;
                alive_sleep(10);
                LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "Re-polling the state of the SMP group.");
                return riscv_openocd_poll(target);
            }
            /* We have already re-polled multiple times but the halt group is still inconsistent. */
            LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "Re-polled the SMP group %d times it is still not in a consistent state.",
                    RISCV_HALT_GROUP_REPOLL_LIMIT);
        }
 
        /* Halting the whole SMP group to bring it in sync. */
        LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "halt all; halted=%d",
            halted);
        riscv_halt(target);
    } else {
        /* For targets that were discovered to be halted, call the
         * appropriate callback. */
        foreach_smp_target(entry, targets)
        {
            struct target *t = entry->target;
            struct riscv_info *info = riscv_info(t);
            if (info->halted_needs_event_callback) {
                target_call_event_callbacks(t, info->halted_callback_event);
                info->halted_needs_event_callback = false;
            }
        }
    }
 
    i->halt_group_repoll_count = 0;
 
    /* Call tick() for every hart. What happens in tick() is opaque to this
     * layer. The reason it's outside the previous loop is that at this point
     * the state of every hart has settled, so any side effects happening in
     * tick() won't affect the delicate poll() code. */
    foreach_smp_target(entry, targets) {
        struct target *t = entry->target;
        struct riscv_info *info = riscv_info(t);
        if (info->tick && info->tick(t) != ERROR_OK)
            return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    /* Sample memory if any target is running. */
    foreach_smp_target(entry, targets) {
        struct target *t = entry->target;
        if (t->state == TARGET_RUNNING) {
            sample_memory(target);
            break;
        }
    }
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static int riscv_openocd_step_impl(struct target *target, bool current,
    target_addr_t address, bool handle_breakpoints, int handle_callbacks)
{
    LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "stepping hart");
 
    if (!current) {
        if (riscv_reg_set(target, GDB_REGNO_PC, address) != ERROR_OK)
            return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    struct breakpoint *breakpoint = NULL;
    /* the front-end may request us not to handle breakpoints */
    if (handle_breakpoints) {
        if (current) {
            if (riscv_reg_get(target, &address, GDB_REGNO_PC) != ERROR_OK)
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
        breakpoint = breakpoint_find(target, address);
        if (breakpoint && (riscv_remove_breakpoint(target, breakpoint) != ERROR_OK))
            return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    if (riscv_enumerate_triggers(target) != ERROR_OK)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
 
    RISCV_INFO(r);
    bool *wps_to_enable = calloc(r->trigger_count, sizeof(*wps_to_enable));
    if (!wps_to_enable) {
        LOG_ERROR("Out of memory");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    if (disable_watchpoints(target, wps_to_enable) != ERROR_OK) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Failed to temporarily disable "
                "watchpoints before single-step.");
        free(wps_to_enable);
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    bool success = true;
    riscv_reg_t current_mstatus;
    RISCV_INFO(info);
 
    if (info->isrmask_mode == RISCV_ISRMASK_STEPONLY) {
        /* Disable Interrupts before stepping. */
        if (riscv_interrupts_disable(target, &current_mstatus) != ERROR_OK) {
            success = false;
            LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Unable to disable interrupts.");
            goto _exit;
        }
    }
 
    if (riscv_step_rtos_hart(target) != ERROR_OK) {
        success = false;
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Unable to step rtos hart.");
    }
 
    if (riscv_reg_cache_any_dirty(target, LOG_LVL_ERROR)) {
        /* If this happens, it means there is a bug in the previous
         * register-flushing algorithm: not all registers were flushed
         * back to the target prior to single-step. */
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target,
                "BUG: registers should have been flushed by this point.");
    }
 
    riscv_reg_cache_invalidate_all(target);
 
    if (info->isrmask_mode == RISCV_ISRMASK_STEPONLY)
        if (riscv_interrupts_restore(target, current_mstatus) != ERROR_OK) {
            success = false;
            LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Unable to restore interrupts.");
        }
 
_exit:
    if (enable_watchpoints(target, wps_to_enable) != ERROR_OK) {
        success = false;
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Failed to re-enable watchpoints "
                "after single-step.");
    }
 
    free(wps_to_enable);
 
    if (breakpoint && (riscv_add_breakpoint(target, breakpoint) != ERROR_OK)) {
        success = false;
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Unable to restore the disabled breakpoint.");
    }
 
    if (success) {
        target->state = TARGET_RUNNING;
        if (handle_callbacks)
            target_call_event_callbacks(target, TARGET_EVENT_RESUMED);
 
        target->state = TARGET_HALTED;
        target->debug_reason = DBG_REASON_SINGLESTEP;
        if (handle_callbacks)
            target_call_event_callbacks(target, TARGET_EVENT_HALTED);
    }
 
    return success ? ERROR_OK : ERROR_FAIL;
}
 
int riscv_openocd_step(struct target *target, bool current,
    target_addr_t address, bool handle_breakpoints)
{
    return riscv_openocd_step_impl(target, current, address, handle_breakpoints,
        true /* handle_callbacks */);
}
 
/* Command Handlers */
COMMAND_HANDLER(riscv_set_command_timeout_sec)
{
    if (CMD_ARGC != 1)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    int timeout = atoi(CMD_ARGV[0]);
    if (timeout <= 0) {
        LOG_ERROR("%s is not a valid integer argument for command.", CMD_ARGV[0]);
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    riscv_command_timeout_sec_value = timeout;
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(riscv_set_reset_timeout_sec)
{
    LOG_WARNING("The command 'riscv set_reset_timeout_sec' is deprecated! Please, use 'riscv set_command_timeout_sec'.");
    if (CMD_ARGC != 1)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    int timeout = atoi(CMD_ARGV[0]);
    if (timeout <= 0) {
        LOG_ERROR("%s is not a valid integer argument for command.", CMD_ARGV[0]);
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    riscv_reset_timeout_sec = timeout;
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(riscv_set_mem_access)
{
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
    RISCV_INFO(r);
    int progbuf_cnt = 0;
    int sysbus_cnt = 0;
    int abstract_cnt = 0;
 
    if (CMD_ARGC < 1 || CMD_ARGC > RISCV_MEM_ACCESS_MAX_METHODS_NUM) {
        command_print(CMD, "Command takes 1 to %d parameters",
                RISCV_MEM_ACCESS_MAX_METHODS_NUM);
        return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
    }
 
    /* Check argument validity */
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < CMD_ARGC; i++) {
        if (strcmp("progbuf", CMD_ARGV[i]) == 0) {
            progbuf_cnt++;
        } else if (strcmp("sysbus", CMD_ARGV[i]) == 0) {
            sysbus_cnt++;
        } else if (strcmp("abstract", CMD_ARGV[i]) == 0) {
            abstract_cnt++;
        } else {
            LOG_ERROR("Unknown argument '%s'. "
                "Must be one of: 'progbuf', 'sysbus' or 'abstract'.", CMD_ARGV[i]);
            return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
        }
    }
    if (progbuf_cnt > 1 || sysbus_cnt > 1 || abstract_cnt > 1) {
        LOG_ERROR("Syntax error - duplicate arguments to `riscv set_mem_access`.");
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
    }
 
    /* Args are valid, store them */
    r->num_enabled_mem_access_methods = CMD_ARGC;
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < CMD_ARGC; i++) {
        if (strcmp("progbuf", CMD_ARGV[i]) == 0)
            r->mem_access_methods[i] = RISCV_MEM_ACCESS_PROGBUF;
        else if (strcmp("sysbus", CMD_ARGV[i]) == 0)
            r->mem_access_methods[i] = RISCV_MEM_ACCESS_SYSBUS;
        else if (strcmp("abstract", CMD_ARGV[i]) == 0)
            r->mem_access_methods[i] = RISCV_MEM_ACCESS_ABSTRACT;
    }
 
    /* Reset warning flags */
    for (size_t i = 0; i < RISCV_MEM_ACCESS_MAX_METHODS_NUM; ++i)
        r->mem_access_warn[i] = true;
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
 
static bool parse_csr_address(const char *reg_address_str, unsigned int *reg_addr)
{
    *reg_addr = -1;
    /* skip initial spaces */
    while (isspace((unsigned char)reg_address_str[0]))
        ++reg_address_str;
    /* try to detect if string starts with 0x or 0X */
    bool is_hex_address = strncmp(reg_address_str, "0x", 2) == 0 ||
        strncmp(reg_address_str, "0X", 2) == 0;
 
    unsigned int scanned_chars;
    if (is_hex_address) {
        reg_address_str += 2;
        if (sscanf(reg_address_str, "%x%n", reg_addr, &scanned_chars) != 1)
            return false;
    } else {
        /* If we are here and register address string starts with zero, this is
         * an indication that most likely user has an incorrect input because:
         * - decimal numbers typically do not start with "0"
         * - octals are not supported by our interface
         * - hexadecimal numbers should have "0x" prefix
         * Thus such input is rejected. */
        if (reg_address_str[0] == '0' && strlen(reg_address_str) > 1)
            return false;
        if (sscanf(reg_address_str, "%u%n", reg_addr, &scanned_chars) != 1)
            return false;
    }
    return scanned_chars == strlen(reg_address_str);
}
 
static int parse_reg_ranges_impl(struct list_head *ranges, char *args,
        const char *reg_type, unsigned int max_val, char ** const name_buffer)
{
    /* For backward compatibility, allow multiple parameters within one TCL
     * argument, separated by ',' */
    for (char *arg = strtok(args, ","); arg; arg = strtok(NULL, ",")) {
        unsigned int low = 0;
        unsigned int high = 0;
        char *name = NULL;
 
        char *dash = strchr(arg, '-');
        char *equals = strchr(arg, '=');
 
        if (!dash && !equals) {
            /* Expecting single register number. */
            if (!parse_csr_address(arg, &low)) {
                LOG_ERROR("Failed to parse single register number from '%s'.", arg);
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
            }
        } else if (dash && !equals) {
            /* Expecting register range - two numbers separated by a dash: ##-## */
            *dash = '\0';
            if (!parse_csr_address(arg, &low)) {
                LOG_ERROR("Failed to parse '%s' - not a valid decimal or hexadecimal number.",
                    arg);
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
            }
            const char *high_num_in = dash + 1;
            if (!parse_csr_address(high_num_in, &high)) {
                LOG_ERROR("Failed to parse '%s' - not a valid decimal or hexadecimal number.",
                    high_num_in);
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
            }
            if (high < low) {
                LOG_ERROR("Incorrect range encountered [%u, %u].", low, high);
                return ERROR_FAIL;
            }
        } else if (!dash && equals) {
            /* Expecting single register number with textual name specified: ##=name */
            *equals = '\0';
            if (!parse_csr_address(arg, &low)) {
                LOG_ERROR("Failed to parse '%s' - not a valid decimal or hexadecimal number.",
                    arg);
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
            }
 
            const char * const reg_name_in = equals + 1;
            const size_t reg_type_len = strlen(reg_type);
            /* format is: <reg_type>_<reg_name_in>\0 */
            *name_buffer = calloc(1, strlen(reg_name_in) + reg_type_len + 2);
            name = *name_buffer;
            if (!name) {
                LOG_ERROR("Out of memory");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
            }
            strcpy(name, reg_type);
            name[reg_type_len] = '_';
 
            unsigned int scanned_chars;
            char *scan_dst = name + strlen(reg_type) + 1;
            if (sscanf(reg_name_in, "%[_a-zA-Z0-9]%n", scan_dst, &scanned_chars) != 1 ||
                scanned_chars != strlen(reg_name_in)) {
                LOG_ERROR("Invalid characters in register name '%s'.", reg_name_in);
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
            }
        } else {
            LOG_ERROR("Invalid argument '%s'.", arg);
            return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
        }
 
        high = MAX(high, low);
 
        if (high > max_val) {
            LOG_ERROR("Cannot expose %s register number 0x%x, maximum allowed value is 0x%x.",
                reg_type, high, max_val);
            return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
 
        /* Check for overlap, name uniqueness. */
        range_list_t *entry;
        list_for_each_entry(entry, ranges, list) {
            if (entry->low <= high && low <= entry->high) {
                if (low == high)
                    LOG_WARNING("Duplicate %s register number - "
                            "Register %u has already been exposed previously", reg_type, low);
                else
                    LOG_WARNING("Overlapping register ranges - Register range starting from %u overlaps "
                            "with already exposed register/range at %u.", low, entry->low);
            }
 
            if (entry->name && name && (strcasecmp(entry->name, name) == 0)) {
                LOG_ERROR("Duplicate register name \"%s\" found.", name);
                return ERROR_FAIL;
            }
        }
 
        range_list_t *range = calloc(1, sizeof(range_list_t));
        if (!range) {
            LOG_ERROR("Out of memory");
            return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
 
        range->low = low;
        range->high = high;
        range->name = name;
        /* ownership over name_buffer contents is transferred to list item here */
        *name_buffer = NULL;
        list_add(&range->list, ranges);
    }
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static int parse_reg_ranges(struct list_head *ranges, const char *tcl_arg,
        const char *reg_type, unsigned int max_val)
{
    char *args = strdup(tcl_arg);
    if (!args) {
        LOG_ERROR("Out of memory");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
    char *name_buffer = NULL;
    int result = parse_reg_ranges_impl(ranges, args, reg_type, max_val, &name_buffer);
    free(name_buffer);
    free(args);
    return result;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(riscv_set_expose_csrs)
{
    if (CMD_ARGC == 0)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
    RISCV_INFO(info);
    int ret = ERROR_OK;
 
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < CMD_ARGC; i++) {
        ret = parse_reg_ranges(&info->expose_csr, CMD_ARGV[i], "csr", 0xfff);
        if (ret != ERROR_OK)
            break;
    }
 
    return ret;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(riscv_set_expose_custom)
{
    if (CMD_ARGC == 0)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
    RISCV_INFO(info);
    int ret = ERROR_OK;
 
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < CMD_ARGC; i++) {
        ret = parse_reg_ranges(&info->expose_custom, CMD_ARGV[i], "custom", 0x3fff);
        if (ret != ERROR_OK)
            break;
    }
 
    return ret;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(riscv_hide_csrs)
{
    if (CMD_ARGC == 0)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
    RISCV_INFO(info);
    int ret = ERROR_OK;
 
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < CMD_ARGC; i++) {
        ret = parse_reg_ranges(&info->hide_csr, CMD_ARGV[i], "csr", 0xfff);
        if (ret != ERROR_OK)
            break;
    }
 
    return ret;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(riscv_authdata_read)
{
    unsigned int index = 0;
    if (CMD_ARGC == 1)
        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(uint, CMD_ARGV[0], index);
    else if (CMD_ARGC != 0)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
    if (!target) {
        LOG_ERROR("target is NULL!");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    RISCV_INFO(r);
    if (!r) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "riscv_info is NULL!");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    if (r->authdata_read) {
        uint32_t value;
        if (r->authdata_read(target, &value, index) != ERROR_OK)
            return ERROR_FAIL;
        command_print_sameline(CMD, "0x%08" PRIx32, value);
        return ERROR_OK;
    }
 
    LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "authdata_read is not implemented for this target.");
    return ERROR_FAIL;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(riscv_authdata_write)
{
    uint32_t value;
    unsigned int index = 0;
 
    if (CMD_ARGC == 0 || CMD_ARGC > 2)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    if (CMD_ARGC == 1) {
        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[0], value);
    } else {
        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(uint, CMD_ARGV[0], index);
        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[1], value);
    }
 
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
    RISCV_INFO(r);
 
    if (!r->authdata_write) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "authdata_write is not implemented for this target.");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    return r->authdata_write(target, value, index);
}
 
uint32_t riscv_get_dmi_address(const struct target *target, uint32_t dm_address)
{
    assert(target);
    RISCV_INFO(r);
    if (!r || !r->get_dmi_address)
        return dm_address;
    return r->get_dmi_address(target, dm_address);
}
 
static int riscv_dmi_read(struct target *target, uint32_t *value, uint32_t address)
{
    if (!target) {
        LOG_ERROR("target is NULL!");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
    RISCV_INFO(r);
    if (!r) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "riscv_info is NULL!");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
    if (!r->dmi_read) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "dmi_read is not implemented.");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
    return r->dmi_read(target, value, address);
}
 
static int riscv_dmi_write(struct target *target, uint32_t dmi_address, uint32_t value)
{
    if (!target) {
        LOG_ERROR("target is NULL!");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
    RISCV_INFO(r);
    if (!r) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "riscv_info is NULL!");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
    if (!r->dmi_write) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "dmi_write is not implemented.");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
    const int result = r->dmi_write(target, dmi_address, value);
    /* Invalidate our cached progbuf copy:
     * - if the user tinkered directly with a progbuf register
     * - if debug module was reset, in which case progbuf registers
     * may not retain their value.
     * FIXME: If there are multiple DMs on a single TAP, it is possible to
     * clobber progbuf or reset the DM of another target.
     */
    const bool progbuf_touched =
            (dmi_address >= riscv_get_dmi_address(target, DM_PROGBUF0) &&
            dmi_address <= riscv_get_dmi_address(target, DM_PROGBUF15));
    const bool dm_deactivated =
            (dmi_address == riscv_get_dmi_address(target, DM_DMCONTROL) &&
            (value & DM_DMCONTROL_DMACTIVE) == 0);
    if (progbuf_touched || dm_deactivated) {
        if (r->invalidate_cached_progbuf) {
            /* Here the return value of invalidate_cached_progbuf()
             * is ignored. It is okay to do so for now, since the
             * only case an error is returned is a failure to
             * assign a DM to the target, which would have already
             * caused an error during dmi_write().
             * FIXME: invalidate_cached_progbuf() should be void.
             */
            r->invalidate_cached_progbuf(target);
        } else {
            LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target,
                    "invalidate_cached_progbuf() is not implemented.");
        }
    }
    return result;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_riscv_dmi_read)
{
    if (CMD_ARGC != 1)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    uint32_t dmi_address;
    COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[0], dmi_address);
 
    struct target * const target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
    uint32_t value;
    const int result = riscv_dmi_read(target, &value, dmi_address);
    if (result == ERROR_OK)
        command_print(CMD, "0x%" PRIx32, value);
    return result;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_riscv_dmi_write)
{
    if (CMD_ARGC != 2)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    uint32_t dmi_address, value;
    COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[0], dmi_address);
    COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[1], value);
 
    struct target * const target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
    return riscv_dmi_write(target, dmi_address, value);
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_riscv_dm_read)
{
    if (CMD_ARGC != 1)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    uint32_t dm_address;
    COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[0], dm_address);
 
    struct target * const target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
    uint32_t value;
    const int result = riscv_dmi_read(target, &value,
            riscv_get_dmi_address(target, dm_address));
    if (result == ERROR_OK)
        command_print(CMD, "0x%" PRIx32, value);
    return result;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_riscv_dm_write)
{
    if (CMD_ARGC != 2)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    uint32_t dm_address, value;
    COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[0], dm_address);
    COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[1], value);
 
    struct target * const target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
    return riscv_dmi_write(target, riscv_get_dmi_address(target, dm_address),
                    value);
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(riscv_reset_delays)
{
    int wait = 0;
 
    if (CMD_ARGC > 1)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    if (CMD_ARGC == 1)
        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(int, CMD_ARGV[0], wait);
 
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
    RISCV_INFO(r);
    r->reset_delays_wait = wait;
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(riscv_set_ir)
{
    if (CMD_ARGC != 2)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    uint32_t value;
    COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[1], value);
 
    if (!strcmp(CMD_ARGV[0], "idcode"))
        buf_set_u32(ir_idcode, 0, 32, value);
    else if (!strcmp(CMD_ARGV[0], "dtmcs"))
        buf_set_u32(ir_dtmcontrol, 0, 32, value);
    else if (!strcmp(CMD_ARGV[0], "dmi"))
        buf_set_u32(ir_dbus, 0, 32, value);
    else
        return ERROR_FAIL;
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(riscv_resume_order)
{
    if (CMD_ARGC != 1)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    if (!strcmp(CMD_ARGV[0], "normal")) {
        resume_order = RO_NORMAL;
    } else if (!strcmp(CMD_ARGV[0], "reversed")) {
        resume_order = RO_REVERSED;
    } else {
        LOG_ERROR("Unsupported resume order: %s", CMD_ARGV[0]);
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(riscv_use_bscan_tunnel)
{
    uint8_t irwidth = 0;
    int tunnel_type = BSCAN_TUNNEL_NESTED_TAP;
 
    if (CMD_ARGC < 1 || CMD_ARGC > 2)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    if (CMD_ARGC >= 1) {
        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u8, CMD_ARGV[0], irwidth);
        assert(BSCAN_TUNNEL_IR_WIDTH_NBITS < 8);
        if (irwidth >= (uint8_t)1 << BSCAN_TUNNEL_IR_WIDTH_NBITS) {
            command_print(CMD, "'value' does not fit into %d bits.",
                    BSCAN_TUNNEL_IR_WIDTH_NBITS);
            return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_OVERFLOW;
        }
    }
    if (CMD_ARGC == 2)
        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(int, CMD_ARGV[1], tunnel_type);
    if (tunnel_type == BSCAN_TUNNEL_NESTED_TAP)
        LOG_INFO("Nested Tap based Bscan Tunnel Selected");
    else if (tunnel_type == BSCAN_TUNNEL_DATA_REGISTER)
        LOG_INFO("Simple Register based Bscan Tunnel Selected");
    else
        LOG_INFO("Invalid Tunnel type selected ! : selecting default Nested Tap Type");
 
    bscan_tunnel_type = tunnel_type;
    bscan_tunnel_ir_width = irwidth;
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(riscv_set_bscan_tunnel_ir)
{
    int ir_id = 0;
 
    if (CMD_ARGC > 1)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    if (CMD_ARGC == 1)
        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(int, CMD_ARGV[0], ir_id);
 
    LOG_INFO("Bscan tunnel IR 0x%x selected", ir_id);
 
    bscan_tunnel_ir_id = ir_id;
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(riscv_set_maskisr)
{
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
    RISCV_INFO(info);
 
    static const struct jim_nvp nvp_maskisr_modes[] = {
        { .name = "off", .value = RISCV_ISRMASK_OFF },
        { .name = "steponly", .value = RISCV_ISRMASK_STEPONLY },
        { .name = NULL, .value = -1 },
    };
    const struct jim_nvp *n;
 
    if (CMD_ARGC > 0) {
        n = jim_nvp_name2value_simple(nvp_maskisr_modes, CMD_ARGV[0]);
        if (!n->name)
            return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
        info->isrmask_mode = n->value;
    } else {
        n = jim_nvp_value2name_simple(nvp_maskisr_modes, info->isrmask_mode);
        command_print(CMD, "riscv interrupt mask %s", n->name);
    }
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(riscv_set_autofence)
{
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
    RISCV_INFO(r);
 
    if (CMD_ARGC == 0) {
        command_print(CMD, "autofence: %s", r->autofence ? "on" : "off");
        return ERROR_OK;
    } else if (CMD_ARGC == 1) {
        COMMAND_PARSE_ON_OFF(CMD_ARGV[0], r->autofence);
        return ERROR_OK;
    }
 
    return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
}
 
COMMAND_HELPER(ebreakx_deprecation_helper, enum riscv_priv_mode mode)
{
    struct target * const target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
    struct riscv_private_config * const config = riscv_private_config(target);
    const char *mode_str;
    switch (mode) {
    case RISCV_MODE_M:
        mode_str = "m";
        break;
    case RISCV_MODE_S:
        mode_str = "s";
        break;
    case RISCV_MODE_U:
        mode_str = "u";
        break;
    default:
        assert(0 && "Unexpected execution mode");
        mode_str = "unexpected";
    }
    if (CMD_ARGC > 1)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
    if (CMD_ARGC == 0) {
        LOG_WARNING("DEPRECATED! use '%s cget -ebreak' not '%s'",
                target_name(target), CMD_NAME);
        command_print(CMD, "riscv_ebreak%s enabled: %s", mode_str,
                config->dcsr_ebreak_fields[mode] ? "on" : "off");
        return ERROR_OK;
    }
    assert(CMD_ARGC == 1);
    command_print(CMD, "DEPRECATED! use '%s configure -ebreak %s' not '%s'",
            target_name(target), mode_str, CMD_NAME);
    bool ebreak_ctl;
    COMMAND_PARSE_ON_OFF(CMD_ARGV[0], ebreak_ctl);
    config->dcsr_ebreak_fields[mode] = ebreak_ctl;
    switch (mode) {
    case RISCV_MODE_S:
        config->dcsr_ebreak_fields[RISCV_MODE_VS] = ebreak_ctl;
        break;
    case RISCV_MODE_U:
        config->dcsr_ebreak_fields[RISCV_MODE_VU] = ebreak_ctl;
        break;
    default:
        break;
    }
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(riscv_set_ebreakm)
{
    return CALL_COMMAND_HANDLER(ebreakx_deprecation_helper,
            RISCV_MODE_M);
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(riscv_set_ebreaks)
{
    return CALL_COMMAND_HANDLER(ebreakx_deprecation_helper,
            RISCV_MODE_S);
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(riscv_set_ebreaku)
{
    return CALL_COMMAND_HANDLER(ebreakx_deprecation_helper,
            RISCV_MODE_U);
}
 
COMMAND_HELPER(riscv_clear_trigger, int trigger_id, const char *name)
{
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
    if (CMD_ARGC != 1)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    if (find_first_trigger_by_id(target, trigger_id) < 0) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "No %s is set. Nothing to clear.", name);
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
    return remove_trigger(target, trigger_id);
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(riscv_itrigger)
{
    if (CMD_ARGC < 1)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
    const int ITRIGGER_UNIQUE_ID = -CSR_TDATA1_TYPE_ITRIGGER;
 
    if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "not examined");
        return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_EXAMINED;
    }
 
    if (riscv_enumerate_triggers(target) != ERROR_OK)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
 
    if (!strcmp(CMD_ARGV[0], "set")) {
        if (find_first_trigger_by_id(target, ITRIGGER_UNIQUE_ID) >= 0) {
            LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "An itrigger is already set, and OpenOCD "
                  "doesn't support setting more than one at a time.");
            return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
        bool vs = false;
        bool vu = false;
        bool nmi = false;
        bool m = false;
        bool s = false;
        bool u = false;
        riscv_reg_t interrupts = 0;
 
        for (unsigned int i = 1; i < CMD_ARGC; i++) {
            if (!strcmp(CMD_ARGV[i], "vs"))
                vs = true;
            else if (!strcmp(CMD_ARGV[i], "vu"))
                vu = true;
            else if (!strcmp(CMD_ARGV[i], "nmi"))
                nmi = true;
            else if (!strcmp(CMD_ARGV[i], "m"))
                m = true;
            else if (!strcmp(CMD_ARGV[i], "s"))
                s = true;
            else if (!strcmp(CMD_ARGV[i], "u"))
                u = true;
            else
                COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u64, CMD_ARGV[i], interrupts);
        }
        if (!nmi && interrupts == 0) {
            LOG_ERROR("Doesn't make sense to set itrigger with "
                  "mie_bits=0 and without nmi.");
            return ERROR_FAIL;
        } else if (!vs && !vu && !m && !s && !u) {
            LOG_ERROR("Doesn't make sense to set itrigger without at "
                  "least one of vs, vu, m, s, or u.");
            return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
        int result = maybe_add_trigger_t4(target, vs, vu, nmi, m, s, u, interrupts, ITRIGGER_UNIQUE_ID);
        if (result != ERROR_OK)
            LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Failed to set requested itrigger.");
        return result;
 
    } else if (!strcmp(CMD_ARGV[0], "clear")) {
        return riscv_clear_trigger(CMD, ITRIGGER_UNIQUE_ID, "itrigger");
 
    } else {
        LOG_ERROR("First argument must be either 'set' or 'clear'.");
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
    }
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(riscv_icount)
{
    if (CMD_ARGC < 1)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
    const int ICOUNT_UNIQUE_ID = -CSR_TDATA1_TYPE_ICOUNT;
 
    if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "not examined");
        return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_EXAMINED;
    }
 
    if (riscv_enumerate_triggers(target) != ERROR_OK)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
 
    if (!strcmp(CMD_ARGV[0], "set")) {
        if (find_first_trigger_by_id(target, ICOUNT_UNIQUE_ID) >= 0) {
            LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "An icount trigger is already set, and OpenOCD "
                  "doesn't support setting more than one at a time.");
            return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
        bool vs = false;
        bool vu = false;
        bool m = false;
        bool s = false;
        bool u = false;
        bool pending = false;
        unsigned int count = 0;
 
        for (unsigned int i = 1; i < CMD_ARGC; i++) {
            if (!strcmp(CMD_ARGV[i], "vs"))
                vs = true;
            else if (!strcmp(CMD_ARGV[i], "vu"))
                vu = true;
            else if (!strcmp(CMD_ARGV[i], "pending"))
                pending = true;
            else if (!strcmp(CMD_ARGV[i], "m"))
                m = true;
            else if (!strcmp(CMD_ARGV[i], "s"))
                s = true;
            else if (!strcmp(CMD_ARGV[i], "u"))
                u = true;
            else
                COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(uint, CMD_ARGV[i], count);
        }
        if (count == 0) {
            LOG_ERROR("Doesn't make sense to set icount trigger with "
                  "count=0.");
            return ERROR_FAIL;
        } else if (!vs && !vu && !m && !s && !u) {
            LOG_ERROR("Doesn't make sense to set itrigger without at "
                  "least one of vs, vu, m, s, or u.");
            return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
        int result = maybe_add_trigger_t3(target, vs, vu, m, s, u, pending, count, ICOUNT_UNIQUE_ID);
        if (result != ERROR_OK)
            LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Failed to set requested icount trigger.");
        return result;
 
    } else if (!strcmp(CMD_ARGV[0], "clear")) {
        return riscv_clear_trigger(CMD, ICOUNT_UNIQUE_ID, "icount trigger");
 
    } else {
        LOG_ERROR("First argument must be either 'set' or 'clear'.");
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
    }
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(riscv_etrigger)
{
    if (CMD_ARGC < 1)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
    const int ETRIGGER_UNIQUE_ID = -CSR_TDATA1_TYPE_ETRIGGER;
 
    if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "not examined");
        return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_EXAMINED;
    }
 
    if (riscv_enumerate_triggers(target) != ERROR_OK)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
 
    if (!strcmp(CMD_ARGV[0], "set")) {
        if (find_first_trigger_by_id(target, ETRIGGER_UNIQUE_ID) >= 0) {
            LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "An etrigger is already set, and OpenOCD "
                  "doesn't support setting more than one at a time.");
            return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
        bool vs = false;
        bool vu = false;
        bool m = false;
        bool s = false;
        bool u = false;
        riscv_reg_t exception_codes = 0;
 
        for (unsigned int i = 1; i < CMD_ARGC; i++) {
            if (!strcmp(CMD_ARGV[i], "vs"))
                vs = true;
            else if (!strcmp(CMD_ARGV[i], "vu"))
                vu = true;
            else if (!strcmp(CMD_ARGV[i], "m"))
                m = true;
            else if (!strcmp(CMD_ARGV[i], "s"))
                s = true;
            else if (!strcmp(CMD_ARGV[i], "u"))
                u = true;
            else
                COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u64, CMD_ARGV[i], exception_codes);
        }
        if (exception_codes == 0) {
            LOG_ERROR("Doesn't make sense to set etrigger with "
                  "exception_codes=0.");
            return ERROR_FAIL;
        } else if (!vs && !vu && !m && !s && !u) {
            LOG_ERROR("Doesn't make sense to set etrigger without at "
                  "least one of vs, vu, m, s, or u.");
            return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
        int result = maybe_add_trigger_t5(target, vs, vu, m, s, u, exception_codes, ETRIGGER_UNIQUE_ID);
        if (result != ERROR_OK)
            LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Failed to set requested etrigger.");
        return result;
 
    } else if (!strcmp(CMD_ARGV[0], "clear")) {
        return riscv_clear_trigger(CMD, ETRIGGER_UNIQUE_ID, "etrigger");
 
    } else {
        LOG_ERROR("First argument must be either 'set' or 'clear'.");
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
    }
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_repeat_read)
{
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
    if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "not examined");
        return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_EXAMINED;
    }
 
    RISCV_INFO(r);
 
    if (CMD_ARGC < 2 || CMD_ARGC > 3)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    uint32_t count;
    COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[0], count);
    target_addr_t address;
    COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[1], address);
    uint32_t size = 4;
    if (CMD_ARGC > 2)
        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[2], size);
 
    if (count == 0)
        return ERROR_OK;
 
    uint8_t *buffer = malloc(size * count);
    if (!buffer) {
        LOG_ERROR("malloc failed");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
    const struct riscv_mem_access_args args = {
        .address = address,
        .read_buffer = buffer,
        .size = size,
        .count = count,
        .increment = 0,
    };
    int result = r->access_memory(target, args);
    if (result == ERROR_OK)
        target_handle_md_output(cmd, target, address, size, count, buffer, false);
    free(buffer);
    return result;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_memory_sample_command)
{
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
    RISCV_INFO(r);
 
    if (CMD_ARGC == 0) {
        command_print(CMD, "Memory sample configuration for %s:", target_name(target));
        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(r->sample_config.bucket); i++) {
            if (r->sample_config.bucket[i].enabled) {
                command_print(CMD, "bucket %d; address=0x%" TARGET_PRIxADDR "; size=%d", i,
                              r->sample_config.bucket[i].address,
                              r->sample_config.bucket[i].size_bytes);
            } else {
                command_print(CMD, "bucket %d; disabled", i);
            }
        }
        return ERROR_OK;
    }
 
    if (CMD_ARGC < 2)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    uint32_t bucket;
    COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[0], bucket);
    if (bucket > ARRAY_SIZE(r->sample_config.bucket)) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Max bucket number is %zd.", ARRAY_SIZE(r->sample_config.bucket));
        return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
    }
 
    if (!strcmp(CMD_ARGV[1], "clear")) {
        r->sample_config.bucket[bucket].enabled = false;
    } else {
        COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[1], r->sample_config.bucket[bucket].address);
 
        if (CMD_ARGC > 2) {
            COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[2], r->sample_config.bucket[bucket].size_bytes);
            if (r->sample_config.bucket[bucket].size_bytes != 4 &&
                    r->sample_config.bucket[bucket].size_bytes != 8) {
                LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Only 4-byte and 8-byte sizes are supported.");
                return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
            }
        } else {
            r->sample_config.bucket[bucket].size_bytes = 4;
        }
 
        r->sample_config.bucket[bucket].enabled = true;
    }
 
    if (!r->sample_buf.buf) {
        r->sample_buf.size = 1024 * 1024;
        r->sample_buf.buf = malloc(r->sample_buf.size);
    }
 
    /* Clear the buffer when the configuration is changed. */
    r->sample_buf.used = 0;
 
    r->sample_config.enabled = true;
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_dump_sample_buf_command)
{
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
    RISCV_INFO(r);
 
    if (CMD_ARGC > 1)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    bool base64 = false;
    if (CMD_ARGC > 0) {
        if (!strcmp(CMD_ARGV[0], "base64")) {
            base64 = true;
        } else {
            LOG_ERROR("Unknown argument: %s", CMD_ARGV[0]);
            return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
        }
    }
 
    int result = ERROR_OK;
    if (base64) {
        unsigned char *encoded = base64_encode(r->sample_buf.buf,
                                      r->sample_buf.used, NULL);
        if (!encoded) {
            LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Failed base64 encode!");
            result = ERROR_FAIL;
            goto error;
        }
        command_print(CMD, "%s", encoded);
        free(encoded);
    } else {
        unsigned int i = 0;
        while (i < r->sample_buf.used) {
            uint8_t command = r->sample_buf.buf[i++];
            if (command == RISCV_SAMPLE_BUF_TIMESTAMP_BEFORE) {
                uint32_t timestamp = buf_get_u32(r->sample_buf.buf + i, 0, 32);
                i += 4;
                command_print(CMD, "timestamp before: %u", timestamp);
            } else if (command == RISCV_SAMPLE_BUF_TIMESTAMP_AFTER) {
                uint32_t timestamp = buf_get_u32(r->sample_buf.buf + i, 0, 32);
                i += 4;
                command_print(CMD, "timestamp after: %u", timestamp);
            } else if (command < ARRAY_SIZE(r->sample_config.bucket)) {
                command_print_sameline(CMD, "0x%" TARGET_PRIxADDR ": ",
                                       r->sample_config.bucket[command].address);
                if (r->sample_config.bucket[command].size_bytes == 4) {
                    uint32_t value = buf_get_u32(r->sample_buf.buf + i, 0, 32);
                    i += 4;
                    command_print(CMD, "0x%08" PRIx32, value);
                } else if (r->sample_config.bucket[command].size_bytes == 8) {
                    uint64_t value = buf_get_u64(r->sample_buf.buf + i, 0, 64);
                    i += 8;
                    command_print(CMD, "0x%016" PRIx64, value);
                } else {
                    LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Found invalid size in bucket %d: %d", command,
                              r->sample_config.bucket[command].size_bytes);
                    result = ERROR_FAIL;
                    goto error;
                }
            } else {
                LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Found invalid command byte in sample buf: 0x%2x at offset 0x%x",
                    command, i - 1);
                result = ERROR_FAIL;
                goto error;
            }
        }
    }
 
error:
    /* Clear the sample buffer even when there was an error. */
    r->sample_buf.used = 0;
    return result;
}
 
static COMMAND_HELPER(riscv_print_info_line_if_available, const char *section,
        const char *key, unsigned int value, bool is_available)
{
    char full_key[80];
    snprintf(full_key, sizeof(full_key), "%s.%s", section, key);
    if (is_available)
        command_print(CMD, "%-21s %3d", full_key, value);
    else
        command_print(CMD, "%-21s unavailable", full_key);
    return 0;
}
 
COMMAND_HELPER(riscv_print_info_line, const char *section, const char *key,
               unsigned int value)
{
    return CALL_COMMAND_HANDLER(riscv_print_info_line_if_available, section,
            key, value, /*is_available*/ true);
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_info)
{
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
    RISCV_INFO(r);
 
    /* This output format can be fed directly into TCL's "array set". */
 
    riscv_print_info_line(CMD, "hart", "xlen", riscv_xlen(target));
 
    const bool trigger_count_available =
        riscv_enumerate_triggers(target) == ERROR_OK;
    riscv_print_info_line_if_available(CMD, "hart", "trigger_count",
                r->trigger_count, trigger_count_available);
    if (r->print_info)
        return CALL_COMMAND_HANDLER(r->print_info, target);
 
    return 0;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(riscv_exec_progbuf)
{
    if (CMD_ARGC < 1 || CMD_ARGC > 16)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
 
    if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "not examined");
        return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_EXAMINED;
    }
 
    RISCV_INFO(r);
    if (r->dtm_version != DTM_DTMCS_VERSION_1_0) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "exec_progbuf: Program buffer is "
                "only supported on v0.13 or v1.0 targets.");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "exec_progbuf: Can't execute "
                "program buffer, target not halted.");
        return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
    }
 
    if (riscv_progbuf_size(target) == 0) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "exec_progbuf: Program buffer not implemented "
                "in the target.");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    struct riscv_program prog;
    riscv_program_init(&prog, target);
 
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < CMD_ARGC; i++) {
        riscv_insn_t instr;
        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[i], instr);
        if (riscv_program_insert(&prog, instr) != ERROR_OK)
            return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    if (riscv_reg_flush_all(target) != ERROR_OK)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    int error = riscv_program_exec(&prog, target);
    riscv_reg_cache_invalidate_all(target);
 
    if (error != ERROR_OK) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "exec_progbuf: Program buffer execution failed.");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "exec_progbuf: Program buffer execution successful.");
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(riscv_set_enable_trigger_feature)
{
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
    RISCV_INFO(r);
 
    if (CMD_ARGC == 2) {
        bool enable_for_wp = true;
 
        if (!strcmp(CMD_ARGV[1], "wp"))
            enable_for_wp = true;
        else if (!strcmp(CMD_ARGV[1], "none"))
            enable_for_wp = false;
        else
            return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
        if (!strcmp(CMD_ARGV[0], "all")) {
            r->wp_allow_equality_match_trigger = enable_for_wp;
            r->wp_allow_napot_trigger = enable_for_wp;
            r->wp_allow_ge_lt_trigger = enable_for_wp;
        } else if (!strcmp(CMD_ARGV[0], "eq")) {
            r->wp_allow_equality_match_trigger = enable_for_wp;
        } else if (!strcmp(CMD_ARGV[0], "napot")) {
            r->wp_allow_napot_trigger = enable_for_wp;
        } else if (!strcmp(CMD_ARGV[0], "ge_lt")) {
            r->wp_allow_ge_lt_trigger = enable_for_wp;
        } else {
            return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
        }
    } else if (CMD_ARGC != 0) {
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
    }
 
    command_print(CMD, "Triggers feature configuration:\n"
               "Equality match trigger: for wp (%s)\n"
               "NAPOT trigger: for wp (%s)\n"
               "ge-lt chained triggers: for wp (%s)",
               r->wp_allow_equality_match_trigger ? "enabled" : "disabled",
               r->wp_allow_napot_trigger ? "enabled" : "disabled",
               r->wp_allow_ge_lt_trigger ? "enabled" : "disabled");
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static COMMAND_HELPER(report_reserved_triggers, struct target *target)
{
    RISCV_INFO(r);
    if (riscv_enumerate_triggers(target) != ERROR_OK)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    const char *separator = "";
    for (riscv_reg_t t = 0; t < r->trigger_count; ++t) {
        if (r->reserved_triggers[t]) {
            command_print_sameline(CMD, "%s%" PRIu64, separator, t);
            separator = " ";
        }
    }
    command_print_sameline(CMD, "\n");
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_reserve_trigger)
{
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
    if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
        command_print(CMD, "Error: Target not examined");
        return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_EXAMINED;
    }
 
    if (CMD_ARGC == 0)
        return CALL_COMMAND_HANDLER(report_reserved_triggers, target);
 
    if (CMD_ARGC != 2)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    riscv_reg_t t;
    COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u64, CMD_ARGV[0], t);
 
    if (riscv_enumerate_triggers(target) != ERROR_OK)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    RISCV_INFO(r);
    if (r->trigger_count == 0) {
        command_print(CMD, "Error: There are no triggers on the target.");
        return ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE;
    }
    if (t >= r->trigger_count) {
        command_print(CMD, "Error: trigger with index %" PRIu64
                " does not exist. There are only %u triggers"
                " on the target (with indexes 0 .. %u).",
                t, r->trigger_count, r->trigger_count - 1);
        return ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE;
    }
    if (r->trigger_unique_id[t] != -1) {
        command_print(CMD, "Error: trigger with index %" PRIu64
                " is already in use and can not be reserved.", t);
        return ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE;
    }
    COMMAND_PARSE_ON_OFF(CMD_ARGV[1], r->reserved_triggers[t]);
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_riscv_virt2phys_mode)
{
    struct riscv_info *info = riscv_info(get_current_target(CMD_CTX));
    if (CMD_ARGC == 0) {
        enum riscv_virt2phys_mode mode = info->virt2phys_mode;
        command_print(CMD, "%s", riscv_virt2phys_mode_to_str(mode));
        return ERROR_OK;
    }
 
    if (CMD_ARGC != 1)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    // TODO: add auto mode to allow OpenOCD choose translation mode
    if (!strcmp(CMD_ARGV[0],
            riscv_virt2phys_mode_to_str(RISCV_VIRT2PHYS_MODE_SW))) {
        info->virt2phys_mode = RISCV_VIRT2PHYS_MODE_SW;
    } else if (!strcmp(CMD_ARGV[0],
            riscv_virt2phys_mode_to_str(RISCV_VIRT2PHYS_MODE_HW))) {
        info->virt2phys_mode = RISCV_VIRT2PHYS_MODE_HW;
    } else if (!strcmp(CMD_ARGV[0],
            riscv_virt2phys_mode_to_str(RISCV_VIRT2PHYS_MODE_OFF))) {
        info->virt2phys_mode = RISCV_VIRT2PHYS_MODE_OFF;
    } else {
        command_print(CMD, "Unsupported address translation mode: %s", CMD_ARGV[0]);
        return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
    }
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static const struct command_registration riscv_exec_command_handlers[] = {
    {
        .name = "dump_sample_buf",
        .handler = handle_dump_sample_buf_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
        .usage = "[base64]",
        .help = "Print the contents of the sample buffer, and clear the buffer."
    },
    {
        .name = "info",
        .handler = handle_info,
        .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
        .usage = "",
        .help = "Displays some information OpenOCD detected about the target."
    },
    {
        .name = "memory_sample",
        .handler = handle_memory_sample_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
        .usage = "bucket address|clear [size=4]",
        .help = "Causes OpenOCD to frequently read size bytes at the given address."
    },
    {
        .name = "repeat_read",
        .handler = handle_repeat_read,
        .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
        .usage = "count address [size=4]",
        .help = "Repeatedly read the value at address."
    },
    {
        .name = "set_command_timeout_sec",
        .handler = riscv_set_command_timeout_sec,
        .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
        .usage = "sec",
        .help = "Set the wall-clock timeout (in seconds) for individual commands"
    },
    {
        .name = "set_reset_timeout_sec",
        .handler = riscv_set_reset_timeout_sec,
        .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
        .usage = "sec",
        .help = "DEPRECATED. Use 'riscv set_command_timeout_sec' instead."
    },
    {
        .name = "set_mem_access",
        .handler = riscv_set_mem_access,
        .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
        .usage = "method1 [method2] [method3]",
        .help = "Set which memory access methods shall be used and in which order "
            "of priority. Method can be one of: 'progbuf', 'sysbus' or 'abstract'."
    },
    {
        .name = "expose_csrs",
        .handler = riscv_set_expose_csrs,
        .mode = COMMAND_CONFIG,
        .usage = "n0[-m0|=name0][,n1[-m1|=name1]]...[,n15[-m15|=name15]]",
        .help = "Configure a list of inclusive ranges for CSRs to expose in "
                "addition to the standard ones. This must be executed before "
                "`init`."
    },
    {
        .name = "expose_custom",
        .handler = riscv_set_expose_custom,
        .mode = COMMAND_CONFIG,
        .usage = "n0[-m0|=name0][,n1[-m1|=name1]]...[,n15[-m15|=name15]]",
        .help = "Configure a list of inclusive ranges for custom registers to "
            "expose. custom0 is accessed as abstract register number 0xc000, "
            "etc. This must be executed before `init`."
    },
    {
        .name = "hide_csrs",
        .handler = riscv_hide_csrs,
        .mode = COMMAND_CONFIG,
        .usage = "{n0|n-m0}[,n1|n-m1]......",
        .help = "Configure a list of inclusive ranges for CSRs to hide from gdb. "
            "Hidden registers are still available, but are not listed in "
            "gdb target description and `reg` command output. "
            "This must be executed before `init`."
    },
    {
        .name = "authdata_read",
        .handler = riscv_authdata_read,
        .usage = "[index]",
        .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
        .help = "Return the 32-bit value read from authdata or authdata0 "
                "(index=0), or authdata1 (index=1)."
    },
    {
        .name = "authdata_write",
        .handler = riscv_authdata_write,
        .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
        .usage = "[index] value",
        .help = "Write the 32-bit value to authdata or authdata0 (index=0), "
                "or authdata1 (index=1)."
    },
    {
        .name = "dmi_read",
        .handler = handle_riscv_dmi_read,
        .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
        .usage = "address",
        .help = "Read and return 32-bit value from the given address on the "
                "RISC-V DMI bus."
    },
    {
        .name = "dmi_write",
        .handler = handle_riscv_dmi_write,
        .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
        .usage = "address value",
        .help = "Write a 32-bit value to the given address on the RISC-V DMI bus."
    },
    {
        .name = "dm_read",
        .handler = handle_riscv_dm_read,
        .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
        .usage = "reg_address",
        .help = "Read and return 32-bit value from a debug module's register "
                "at reg_address."
    },
    {
        .name = "dm_write",
        .handler = handle_riscv_dm_write,
        .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
        .usage = "reg_address value",
        .help = "Write a 32-bit value to the debug module's register at "
                "reg_address."
    },
    {
        .name = "reset_delays",
        .handler = riscv_reset_delays,
        .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
        .usage = "[wait]",
        .help = "OpenOCD learns how many Run-Test/Idle cycles are required "
            "between scans to avoid encountering the target being busy. This "
            "command resets those learned values after `wait` scans. It's only "
            "useful for testing OpenOCD itself."
    },
    {
        .name = "resume_order",
        .handler = riscv_resume_order,
        .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
        .usage = "normal|reversed",
        .help = "Choose the order that harts are resumed in when `hasel` is not "
            "supported. Normal order is from lowest hart index to highest. "
            "Reversed order is from highest hart index to lowest."
    },
    {
        .name = "set_ir",
        .handler = riscv_set_ir,
        .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
        .usage = "idcode|dtmcs|dmi value",
        .help = "Set IR value for specified JTAG register."
    },
    {
        .name = "use_bscan_tunnel",
        .handler = riscv_use_bscan_tunnel,
        .mode = COMMAND_CONFIG,
        .usage = "value [type]",
        .help = "Enable or disable use of a BSCAN tunnel to reach DM."
    },
    {
        .name = "set_bscan_tunnel_ir",
        .handler = riscv_set_bscan_tunnel_ir,
        .mode = COMMAND_CONFIG,
        .usage = "[value]",
        .help = "Specify the JTAG TAP IR used to access the bscan tunnel. "
            "By default it is 0x23 << (ir_length - 6), which map some "
            "Xilinx FPGA (IR USER4)"
    },
    {
        .name = "set_maskisr",
        .handler = riscv_set_maskisr,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .help = "mask riscv interrupts",
        .usage = "['off'|'steponly']",
    },
    {
        .name = "set_ebreakm",
        .handler = riscv_set_ebreakm,
        .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
        .usage = "[on|off]",
        .help = "DEPRECATED! use '<target_name> configure -ebreak' or "
            "'<target_name> cget -ebreak'"
    },
    {
        .name = "set_ebreaks",
        .handler = riscv_set_ebreaks,
        .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
        .usage = "[on|off]",
        .help = "DEPRECATED! use '<target_name> configure -ebreak' or "
            "'<target_name> cget -ebreak'"
    },
    {
        .name = "set_ebreaku",
        .handler = riscv_set_ebreaku,
        .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
        .usage = "[on|off]",
        .help = "DEPRECATED! use '<target_name> configure -ebreak' or "
            "'<target_name> cget -ebreak'"
    },
    {
        .name = "etrigger",
        .handler = riscv_etrigger,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .usage = "set [vs] [vu] [m] [s] [u] <exception_codes>|clear",
        .help = "Set or clear a single exception trigger."
    },
    {
        .name = "icount",
        .handler = riscv_icount,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .usage = "set [vs] [vu] [m] [s] [u] [pending] <count>|clear",
        .help = "Set or clear a single instruction count trigger."
    },
    {
        .name = "itrigger",
        .handler = riscv_itrigger,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .usage = "set [vs] [vu] [nmi] [m] [s] [u] <mie_bits>|clear",
        .help = "Set or clear a single interrupt trigger."
    },
    {
        .name = "exec_progbuf",
        .handler = riscv_exec_progbuf,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .usage = "instr1 [instr2 [... instr16]]",
        .help = "Execute a sequence of 32-bit instructions using the program buffer. "
            "The final ebreak instruction is added automatically, if needed."
    },
    {
        .name = "set_enable_trigger_feature",
        .handler = riscv_set_enable_trigger_feature,
        .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
        .usage = "[('eq'|'napot'|'ge_lt'|'all') ('wp'|'none')]",
        .help = "Control whether OpenOCD is allowed to use certain RISC-V trigger features for watchpoints."
    },
    {
        .name = "reserve_trigger",
        .handler = handle_reserve_trigger,
        /* TODO: Move this to COMMAND_ANY */
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .usage = "[index ('on'|'off')]",
        .help = "Controls which RISC-V triggers shall not be touched by OpenOCD.",
    },
    {
        .name = "virt2phys_mode",
        .handler = handle_riscv_virt2phys_mode,
        .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
        .usage = "['sw'|'hw'|'off']",
        .help = "Configure the virtual address translation mode: "
                "sw - translate vaddr to paddr by manually traversing page tables, "
                "hw - translate vaddr to paddr by hardware, "
                "off - no address translation."
    },
    {
        .name = "autofence",
        .handler = riscv_set_autofence,
        .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
        .usage = "[on|off]",
        .help = "When on (default), OpenOCD will automatically execute fence instructions in some situations. "
            "When off, users need to take care of memory coherency themselves, for example by using "
            "`riscv exec_progbuf` to execute fence or CMO instructions."
    },
    {
        .chain = smp_command_handlers
    },
    COMMAND_REGISTRATION_DONE
};
 
/*
 * To be noted that RISC-V targets use the same semihosting commands as
 * ARM targets.
 *
 * The main reason is compatibility with existing tools. For example the
 * Eclipse OpenOCD/SEGGER J-Link/QEMU plug-ins have several widgets to
 * configure semihosting, which generate commands like `arm semihosting
 * enable`.
 * A secondary reason is the fact that the protocol used is exactly the
 * one specified by ARM. If RISC-V will ever define its own semihosting
 * protocol, then a command like `riscv semihosting enable` will make
 * sense, but for now all semihosting commands are prefixed with `arm`.
 */
 
static const struct command_registration riscv_command_handlers[] = {
    {
        .name = "riscv",
        .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
        .help = "RISC-V Command Group",
        .usage = "",
        .chain = riscv_exec_command_handlers
    },
    {
        .name = "arm",
        .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
        .help = "ARM Command Group",
        .usage = "",
        .chain = semihosting_common_handlers
    },
    COMMAND_REGISTRATION_DONE
};
 
static unsigned int riscv_xlen_nonconst(struct target *target)
{
    return riscv_xlen(target);
}
 
static unsigned int riscv_data_bits(struct target *target)
{
    RISCV_INFO(r);
    if (r->data_bits)
        return r->data_bits(target);
    return riscv_xlen(target);
}
 
static int riscv_insn_set(struct command_invocation *cmd,
    struct target *target, const char **insn_set)
{
    if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
        command_print(cmd, "[%s] target not examined yet", target_name(target));
        return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_EXAMINED;
    }
 
    switch (riscv_xlen(target)) {
    case 32:
        *insn_set = "riscv32";
        break;
 
    case 64:
        *insn_set = "riscv64";
        break;
 
    default:
        command_print(cmd, "[%s] unsupported instruction set", target_name(target));
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
struct target_type riscv_target = {
    .name = "riscv",
 
    .target_create = riscv_create_target,
    .target_jim_configure = riscv_jim_configure,
    .init_target = riscv_init_target,
    .deinit_target = riscv_deinit_target,
    .examine = riscv_examine,
 
    /* poll current target status */
    .poll = old_or_new_riscv_poll,
 
    .halt = riscv_halt,
    .resume = riscv_target_resume,
    .step = old_or_new_riscv_step,
 
    .assert_reset = riscv_assert_reset,
    .deassert_reset = riscv_deassert_reset,
 
    .read_memory = riscv_read_memory,
    .write_memory = riscv_write_memory,
    .read_phys_memory = riscv_read_phys_memory,
    .write_phys_memory = riscv_write_phys_memory,
 
    .checksum_memory = riscv_checksum_memory,
 
    .mmu = riscv_mmu,
    .virt2phys = riscv_virt2phys,
 
    .get_gdb_arch = riscv_get_gdb_arch,
    .get_gdb_reg_list = riscv_get_gdb_reg_list,
    .get_gdb_reg_list_noread = riscv_get_gdb_reg_list_noread,
 
    .add_breakpoint = riscv_add_breakpoint,
    .remove_breakpoint = riscv_remove_breakpoint,
 
    .add_watchpoint = riscv_add_watchpoint,
    .remove_watchpoint = riscv_remove_watchpoint,
    .hit_watchpoint = riscv_hit_watchpoint,
 
    .arch_state = riscv_arch_state,
 
    .run_algorithm = riscv_run_algorithm,
 
    .commands = riscv_command_handlers,
 
    .address_bits = riscv_xlen_nonconst,
    .data_bits = riscv_data_bits,
 
    .insn_set = riscv_insn_set,
};
 
/*** RISC-V Interface ***/
 
/* Initializes the shared RISC-V structure. */
static void riscv_info_init(struct target *target, struct riscv_info *r)
{
    memset(r, 0, sizeof(*r));
 
    r->common_magic = RISCV_COMMON_MAGIC;
 
    r->dtm_version = DTM_DTMCS_VERSION_UNKNOWN;
    r->version_specific = NULL;
 
    memset(r->trigger_unique_id, 0xff, sizeof(r->trigger_unique_id));
 
    r->xlen = -1;
 
    r->virt2phys_mode = RISCV_VIRT2PHYS_MODE_SW;
 
    r->isrmask_mode = RISCV_ISRMASK_OFF;
 
    r->mem_access_methods[0] = RISCV_MEM_ACCESS_PROGBUF;
    r->mem_access_methods[1] = RISCV_MEM_ACCESS_SYSBUS;
    r->mem_access_methods[2] = RISCV_MEM_ACCESS_ABSTRACT;
 
    r->num_enabled_mem_access_methods = RISCV_MEM_ACCESS_MAX_METHODS_NUM;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < RISCV_MEM_ACCESS_MAX_METHODS_NUM; ++i)
        r->mem_access_warn[i] = true;
 
    INIT_LIST_HEAD(&r->expose_csr);
    INIT_LIST_HEAD(&r->expose_custom);
    INIT_LIST_HEAD(&r->hide_csr);
 
    r->vsew64_supported = YNM_MAYBE;
 
    r->wp_allow_equality_match_trigger = true;
    r->wp_allow_ge_lt_trigger = true;
    r->wp_allow_napot_trigger = true;
 
    r->autofence = true;
}
 
static int riscv_resume_go_all_harts(struct target *target)
{
    RISCV_INFO(r);
 
    LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "Resuming hart, state=%d.", target->state);
    if (target->state == TARGET_HALTED) {
        if (r->resume_go(target) != ERROR_OK)
            return ERROR_FAIL;
    } else {
        LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "Hart requested resume, but was already resumed.");
    }
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static int riscv_interrupts_disable(struct target *target, riscv_reg_t *old_mstatus)
{
    LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "Disabling interrupts.");
    riscv_reg_t current_mstatus;
    int ret = riscv_reg_get(target, &current_mstatus, GDB_REGNO_MSTATUS);
    if (ret != ERROR_OK) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Failed to read mstatus!");
        return ret;
    }
    if (old_mstatus)
        *old_mstatus = current_mstatus;
    return riscv_reg_set(target, GDB_REGNO_MSTATUS, current_mstatus & ~mstatus_ie_mask);
}
 
static int riscv_interrupts_restore(struct target *target, riscv_reg_t old_mstatus)
{
    LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "Restoring interrupts.");
    riscv_reg_t current_mstatus;
    int ret = riscv_reg_get(target, &current_mstatus, GDB_REGNO_MSTATUS);
    if (ret != ERROR_OK) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Failed to read mstatus!");
        return ret;
    }
    if ((current_mstatus & mstatus_ie_mask) != 0) {
        LOG_TARGET_WARNING(target, "Interrupt enable bits in mstatus changed during single-step.");
        LOG_TARGET_WARNING(target, "OpenOCD might have affected the program when it restored the interrupt bits after single-step.");
        LOG_TARGET_WARNING(target, "Hint: Use 'riscv set_maskisr off' to prevent OpenOCD from touching mstatus during single-step.");
    }
    return riscv_reg_set(target, GDB_REGNO_MSTATUS, current_mstatus | (old_mstatus & mstatus_ie_mask));
}
 
static int riscv_step_rtos_hart(struct target *target)
{
    RISCV_INFO(r);
    LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "Stepping.");
 
    if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Hart isn't halted before single step!");
        return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
    }
    r->on_step(target);
    if (r->step_current_hart(target) != ERROR_OK)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Hart was not halted after single step!");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
bool riscv_supports_extension(const struct target *target, char letter)
{
    RISCV_INFO(r);
    unsigned int num;
    if (letter >= 'a' && letter <= 'z')
        num = letter - 'a';
    else if (letter >= 'A' && letter <= 'Z')
        num = letter - 'A';
    else
        return false;
    return r->misa & BIT(num);
}
 
unsigned int riscv_xlen(const struct target *target)
{
    RISCV_INFO(r);
    return r->xlen;
}
 
unsigned int riscv_vlenb(const struct target *target)
{
    RISCV_INFO(r);
    return r->vlenb;
}
 
int riscv_get_hart_state(struct target *target, enum riscv_hart_state *state)
{
    RISCV_INFO(r);
    assert(r->get_hart_state);
    return r->get_hart_state(target, state);
}
 
static enum riscv_halt_reason riscv_halt_reason(struct target *target)
{
    RISCV_INFO(r);
    if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Hart is not halted!");
        return RISCV_HALT_UNKNOWN;
    }
    return r->halt_reason(target);
}
 
unsigned int riscv_progbuf_size(struct target *target)
{
    RISCV_INFO(r);
    return r->get_progbufsize(target);
}
 
int riscv_write_progbuf(struct target *target, unsigned int index, riscv_insn_t insn)
{
    RISCV_INFO(r);
    return r->write_progbuf(target, index, insn);
}
 
riscv_insn_t riscv_read_progbuf(struct target *target, int index)
{
    RISCV_INFO(r);
    return r->read_progbuf(target, index);
}
 
int riscv_execute_progbuf(struct target *target, uint32_t *cmderr)
{
    RISCV_INFO(r);
    return r->execute_progbuf(target, cmderr);
}
 
void riscv_fill_dmi_write(const struct target *target, uint8_t *buf, uint32_t a, uint32_t d)
{
    RISCV_INFO(r);
    r->fill_dmi_write(target, buf, a, d);
}
 
void riscv_fill_dmi_read(const struct target *target, uint8_t *buf, uint32_t a)
{
    RISCV_INFO(r);
    r->fill_dmi_read(target, buf, a);
}
 
void riscv_fill_dm_nop(const struct target *target, uint8_t *buf)
{
    RISCV_INFO(r);
    r->fill_dm_nop(target, buf);
}
 
unsigned int riscv_get_dmi_address_bits(const struct target *target)
{
    RISCV_INFO(r);
    return r->get_dmi_address_bits(target);
}
 
static int check_if_trigger_exists(struct target *target, unsigned int index)
{
    /* If we can't write tselect, then this hart does not support triggers. */
    if (riscv_reg_set(target, GDB_REGNO_TSELECT, index) != ERROR_OK)
        return ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE;
    riscv_reg_t tselect_rb;
    if (riscv_reg_get(target, &tselect_rb, GDB_REGNO_TSELECT) != ERROR_OK)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    /* Mask off the top bit, which is used as tdrmode in legacy RISC-V Debug Spec
     * (old revisions of v0.11 spec). */
    tselect_rb &= ~(1ULL << (riscv_xlen(target) - 1));
    if (tselect_rb != index)
        return ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE;
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static int get_trigger_types(struct target *target, unsigned int *trigger_tinfo,
        riscv_reg_t tdata1)
{
    assert(trigger_tinfo);
    riscv_reg_t tinfo;
    if (riscv_reg_get(target, &tinfo, GDB_REGNO_TINFO) == ERROR_OK) {
        /* tinfo.INFO == 1: trigger doesn’t exist
         * tinfo == 0 or tinfo.INFO != 1 and tinfo LSB is set: invalid tinfo */
        if (tinfo == 0 || tinfo & 0x1)
            return ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE;
        *trigger_tinfo = tinfo;
        return ERROR_OK;
    }
    const unsigned int type = get_field(tdata1, CSR_TDATA1_TYPE(riscv_xlen(target)));
    if (type == 0)
        return ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE;
    *trigger_tinfo = 1 << type;
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static int disable_trigger_if_dmode(struct target *target, riscv_reg_t tdata1)
{
    bool dmode_is_set = false;
    switch (get_field(tdata1, CSR_TDATA1_TYPE(riscv_xlen(target)))) {
    case CSR_TDATA1_TYPE_LEGACY:
        /* On these older cores we don't support software using
         * triggers. */
        dmode_is_set = true;
        break;
    case CSR_TDATA1_TYPE_MCONTROL:
        dmode_is_set = tdata1 & CSR_MCONTROL_DMODE(riscv_xlen(target));
        break;
    case CSR_TDATA1_TYPE_MCONTROL6:
        dmode_is_set = tdata1 & CSR_MCONTROL6_DMODE(riscv_xlen(target));
        break;
    case CSR_TDATA1_TYPE_ICOUNT:
        dmode_is_set = tdata1 & CSR_ICOUNT_DMODE(riscv_xlen(target));
        break;
    case CSR_TDATA1_TYPE_ITRIGGER:
        dmode_is_set = tdata1 & CSR_ITRIGGER_DMODE(riscv_xlen(target));
        break;
    case CSR_TDATA1_TYPE_ETRIGGER:
        dmode_is_set = tdata1 & CSR_ETRIGGER_DMODE(riscv_xlen(target));
        break;
    }
    if (!dmode_is_set)
        /* Nothing to do */
        return ERROR_OK;
    return riscv_reg_set(target, GDB_REGNO_TDATA1, 0);
}
 
int riscv_enumerate_triggers(struct target *target)
{
    RISCV_INFO(r);
 
    if (r->triggers_enumerated)
        return ERROR_OK;
 
    if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
        LOG_TARGET_ERROR(target, "Unable to enumerate triggers: target not halted.");
        return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
    }
 
    riscv_reg_t orig_tselect;
    int result = riscv_reg_get(target, &orig_tselect, GDB_REGNO_TSELECT);
    /* If tselect is not readable, the trigger module is likely not
     * implemented. */
    if (result != ERROR_OK) {
        LOG_TARGET_INFO(target, "Cannot access tselect register. "
                "Assuming that triggers are not implemented.");
        r->triggers_enumerated = true;
        r->trigger_count = 0;
        free(r->reserved_triggers);
        r->reserved_triggers = NULL;
        return ERROR_OK;
    }
 
    /* Obtaining tinfo.version value once.
     * No need to enumerate per-trigger.
     * See https://github.com/riscv/riscv-debug-spec/pull/1081.
     */
    riscv_reg_t tinfo;
    if (riscv_reg_get(target, &tinfo, GDB_REGNO_TINFO) == ERROR_OK) {
        r->tinfo_version = get_field(tinfo, CSR_TINFO_VERSION);
        LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "Trigger tinfo.version = %d.", r->tinfo_version);
    } else {
        r->tinfo_version = RISCV_TINFO_VERSION_UNKNOWN;
        LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "Trigger tinfo.version is unknown.");
    }
 
    unsigned int t = 0;
    for (; t < ARRAY_SIZE(r->trigger_tinfo); ++t) {
        result = check_if_trigger_exists(target, t);
        if (result == ERROR_FAIL)
            return ERROR_FAIL;
        if (result == ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE)
            break;
 
        riscv_reg_t tdata1;
        if (riscv_reg_get(target, &tdata1, GDB_REGNO_TDATA1) != ERROR_OK)
            return ERROR_FAIL;
 
        result = get_trigger_types(target, &r->trigger_tinfo[t], tdata1);
        if (result == ERROR_FAIL)
            return ERROR_FAIL;
        if (result == ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE)
            break;
 
        LOG_TARGET_DEBUG(target, "Trigger %u: supported types (mask) = 0x%08x",
                t, r->trigger_tinfo[t]);
 
        if (disable_trigger_if_dmode(target, tdata1) != ERROR_OK)
            return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    if (riscv_reg_set(target, GDB_REGNO_TSELECT, orig_tselect) != ERROR_OK)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
 
    r->triggers_enumerated = true;
    r->trigger_count = t;
    LOG_TARGET_INFO(target, "Found %d triggers", r->trigger_count);
    free(r->reserved_triggers);
    r->reserved_triggers = calloc(t, sizeof(*r->reserved_triggers));
    create_wp_trigger_cache(target);
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
void riscv_add_bscan_tunneled_scan(struct jtag_tap *tap, const struct scan_field *field,
                    riscv_bscan_tunneled_scan_context_t *ctxt)
{
    jtag_add_ir_scan(tap, &select_user4, TAP_IDLE);
 
    memset(ctxt->tunneled_dr, 0, sizeof(ctxt->tunneled_dr));
    if (bscan_tunnel_type == BSCAN_TUNNEL_DATA_REGISTER) {
        ctxt->tunneled_dr[3].num_bits = 1;
        ctxt->tunneled_dr[3].out_value = bscan_one;
        ctxt->tunneled_dr[2].num_bits = 7;
        ctxt->tunneled_dr_width = field->num_bits;
        ctxt->tunneled_dr[2].out_value = &ctxt->tunneled_dr_width;
        /* for BSCAN tunnel, there is a one-TCK skew between shift in and shift out, so
           scanning num_bits + 1, and then will right shift the input field after executing the queues */
 
        ctxt->tunneled_dr[1].num_bits = field->num_bits + 1;
        ctxt->tunneled_dr[1].out_value = field->out_value;
        ctxt->tunneled_dr[1].in_value = field->in_value;
 
        ctxt->tunneled_dr[0].num_bits = 3;
        ctxt->tunneled_dr[0].out_value = bscan_zero;
    } else {
        /* BSCAN_TUNNEL_NESTED_TAP */
        ctxt->tunneled_dr[0].num_bits = 1;
        ctxt->tunneled_dr[0].out_value = bscan_one;
        ctxt->tunneled_dr[1].num_bits = 7;
        ctxt->tunneled_dr_width = field->num_bits;
        ctxt->tunneled_dr[1].out_value = &ctxt->tunneled_dr_width;
        /* for BSCAN tunnel, there is a one-TCK skew between shift in and shift out, so
           scanning num_bits + 1, and then will right shift the input field after executing the queues */
        ctxt->tunneled_dr[2].num_bits = field->num_bits + 1;
        ctxt->tunneled_dr[2].out_value = field->out_value;
        ctxt->tunneled_dr[2].in_value = field->in_value;
        ctxt->tunneled_dr[3].num_bits = 3;
        ctxt->tunneled_dr[3].out_value = bscan_zero;
    }
    jtag_add_dr_scan(tap, ARRAY_SIZE(ctxt->tunneled_dr), ctxt->tunneled_dr, TAP_IDLE);
}