flash/nor/tcl.c

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
/***************************************************************************
 *   Copyright (C) 2005 by Dominic Rath <Dominic.Rath@gmx.de>              *
 *   Copyright (C) 2007,2008 Øyvind Harboe <oyvind.harboe@zylin.com>       *
 *   Copyright (C) 2008 by Spencer Oliver <spen@spen-soft.co.uk>           *
 *   Copyright (C) 2009 Zachary T Welch <zw@superlucidity.net>             *
 *   Copyright (C) 2017-2018 Tomas Vanek <vanekt@fbl.cz>                   *
 ***************************************************************************/
#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include "config.h"
#endif
#include "imp.h"
#include <helper/time_support.h>
#include <target/image.h>
 
COMMAND_HELPER(flash_command_get_bank_probe_optional, unsigned int name_index,
           struct flash_bank **bank, bool do_probe)
{
    const char *name = CMD_ARGV[name_index];
    int retval;
    if (do_probe) {
        retval = get_flash_bank_by_name(name, bank);
    } else {
        *bank  = get_flash_bank_by_name_noprobe(name);
        retval = ERROR_OK;
    }
 
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        return retval;
    if (*bank)
        return ERROR_OK;
 
    unsigned int bank_num;
    COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(uint, name, bank_num);
 
    if (do_probe) {
        return get_flash_bank_by_num(bank_num, bank);
    } else {
        *bank  = get_flash_bank_by_num_noprobe(bank_num);
        retval = (bank) ? ERROR_OK : ERROR_FAIL;
        return retval;
    }
}
 
COMMAND_HELPER(flash_command_get_bank, unsigned int name_index,
    struct flash_bank **bank)
{
    return CALL_COMMAND_HANDLER(flash_command_get_bank_probe_optional,
                    name_index, bank, true);
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_flash_info_command)
{
    struct flash_bank *p;
    int j = 0;
    int retval;
    bool show_sectors = false;
    bool prot_block_available;
 
    if (CMD_ARGC < 1 || CMD_ARGC > 2)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    if (CMD_ARGC == 2) {
        if (strcmp("sectors", CMD_ARGV[1]) == 0)
            show_sectors = true;
        else
            return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
    }
 
    retval = CALL_COMMAND_HANDLER(flash_command_get_bank, 0, &p);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        return retval;
 
    if (p) {
        int num_blocks;
        struct flash_sector *block_array;
 
        /* attempt auto probe */
        retval = p->driver->auto_probe(p);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
            return retval;
 
        /* If the driver does not implement protection, we show the default
         * state of is_protected array - usually protection state unknown */
        if (!p->driver->protect_check) {
            retval = ERROR_FLASH_OPER_UNSUPPORTED;
        } else {
            /* We must query the hardware to avoid printing stale information! */
            retval = p->driver->protect_check(p);
            if (retval != ERROR_OK && retval != ERROR_FLASH_OPER_UNSUPPORTED)
                return retval;
        }
        if (retval == ERROR_FLASH_OPER_UNSUPPORTED)
            LOG_INFO("Flash protection check is not implemented.");
 
        command_print(CMD,
            "#%u : %s at " TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", size 0x%8.8" PRIx32
            ", buswidth %u, chipwidth %u",
            p->bank_number,
            p->driver->name,
            p->base,
            p->size,
            p->bus_width,
            p->chip_width);
 
        prot_block_available = p->num_prot_blocks && p->prot_blocks;
        if (!show_sectors && prot_block_available) {
            block_array = p->prot_blocks;
            num_blocks = p->num_prot_blocks;
        } else {
            block_array = p->sectors;
            num_blocks = p->num_sectors;
        }
 
        for (j = 0; j < num_blocks; j++) {
            char *protect_state = "";
 
            if (block_array[j].is_protected == 0)
                protect_state = "not protected";
            else if (block_array[j].is_protected == 1)
                protect_state = "protected";
            else if (!show_sectors || !prot_block_available)
                protect_state = "protection state unknown";
 
            command_print(CMD,
                "\t#%3i: 0x%8.8" PRIx32 " (0x%" PRIx32 " %" PRIu32 "kB) %s",
                j,
                block_array[j].offset,
                block_array[j].size,
                block_array[j].size >> 10,
                protect_state);
        }
 
        if (p->driver->info) {
            /* Let the flash driver print extra custom info */
            retval = p->driver->info(p, CMD);
            command_print_sameline(CMD, "\n");
            if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                LOG_ERROR("error retrieving flash info");
        }
    }
 
    return retval;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_flash_probe_command)
{
    struct flash_bank *p;
    int retval;
 
    if (CMD_ARGC != 1)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    retval = CALL_COMMAND_HANDLER(flash_command_get_bank_probe_optional, 0, &p, false);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        return retval;
 
    if (p) {
        retval = p->driver->probe(p);
        if (retval == ERROR_OK)
            command_print(CMD,
                "flash '%s' found at " TARGET_ADDR_FMT,
                p->driver->name,
                p->base);
    } else {
        command_print(CMD, "flash bank '#%s' is out of bounds", CMD_ARGV[0]);
        retval = ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    return retval;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_flash_erase_check_command)
{
    bool blank = true;
    if (CMD_ARGC != 1)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    struct flash_bank *p;
    int retval = CALL_COMMAND_HANDLER(flash_command_get_bank, 0, &p);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        return retval;
 
    retval = p->driver->erase_check(p);
    if (retval == ERROR_OK)
        command_print(CMD, "successfully checked erase state");
    else {
        command_print(CMD,
            "unknown error when checking erase state of flash bank #%s at "
            TARGET_ADDR_FMT,
            CMD_ARGV[0],
            p->base);
    }
 
    for (unsigned int j = 0; j < p->num_sectors; j++) {
        char *erase_state;
 
        if (p->sectors[j].is_erased == 0)
            erase_state = "not erased";
        else if (p->sectors[j].is_erased == 1)
            continue;
        else
            erase_state = "erase state unknown";
 
        blank = false;
        command_print(CMD,
            "\t#%3i: 0x%8.8" PRIx32 " (0x%" PRIx32 " %" PRIu32 "kB) %s",
            j,
            p->sectors[j].offset,
            p->sectors[j].size,
            p->sectors[j].size >> 10,
            erase_state);
    }
 
    if (blank)
        command_print(CMD, "\tBank is erased");
    return retval;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_flash_erase_address_command)
{
    struct flash_bank *p;
    int retval = ERROR_OK;
    target_addr_t address;
    uint32_t length;
    bool do_pad = false;
    bool do_unlock = false;
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
 
    while (CMD_ARGC >= 3) {
        /* Optionally pad out the address range to block/sector
         * boundaries.  We can't know if there's data in that part
         * of the flash; only do padding if we're told to.
         */
        if (strcmp("pad", CMD_ARGV[0]) == 0)
            do_pad = true;
        else if (strcmp("unlock", CMD_ARGV[0]) == 0)
            do_unlock = true;
        else
            return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
        CMD_ARGC--;
        CMD_ARGV++;
    }
    if (CMD_ARGC != 2)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[0], address);
    COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[1], length);
 
    if (length <= 0) {
        command_print(CMD, "Length must be >0");
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
    }
 
    retval = get_flash_bank_by_addr(target, address, true, &p);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        return retval;
 
    /* We can't know if we did a resume + halt, in which case we no longer know the erased state
     **/
    flash_set_dirty();
 
    struct duration bench;
    duration_start(&bench);
 
    if (do_unlock)
        retval = flash_unlock_address_range(target, address, length);
 
    if (retval == ERROR_OK)
        retval = flash_erase_address_range(target, do_pad, address, length);
 
    if ((retval == ERROR_OK) && (duration_measure(&bench) == ERROR_OK)) {
        command_print(CMD, "erased address " TARGET_ADDR_FMT " (length %" PRIu32 ")"
            " in %fs (%0.3f KiB/s)", address, length,
            duration_elapsed(&bench), duration_kbps(&bench, length));
    }
 
    return retval;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_flash_erase_command)
{
    if (CMD_ARGC != 3)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    uint32_t first;
    uint32_t last;
 
    struct flash_bank *p;
    int retval;
 
    retval = CALL_COMMAND_HANDLER(flash_command_get_bank, 0, &p);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        return retval;
 
    COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[1], first);
    if (strcmp(CMD_ARGV[2], "last") == 0)
        last = p->num_sectors - 1;
    else
        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[2], last);
 
    if (!(first <= last)) {
        command_print(CMD, "ERROR: "
            "first sector must be <= last");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    if (!(last <= (p->num_sectors - 1))) {
        command_print(CMD, "ERROR: "
            "last sector must be <= %u",
            p->num_sectors - 1);
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    struct duration bench;
    duration_start(&bench);
 
    retval = flash_driver_erase(p, first, last);
 
    if ((retval == ERROR_OK) && (duration_measure(&bench) == ERROR_OK)) {
        command_print(CMD, "erased sectors %" PRIu32 " "
            "through %" PRIu32 " on flash bank %u "
            "in %fs", first, last, p->bank_number, duration_elapsed(&bench));
    }
 
    return retval;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_flash_protect_command)
{
    if (CMD_ARGC != 4)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    uint32_t first;
    uint32_t last;
 
    struct flash_bank *p;
    int retval;
    int num_blocks;
 
    retval = CALL_COMMAND_HANDLER(flash_command_get_bank, 0, &p);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        return retval;
 
    if (p->num_prot_blocks)
        num_blocks = p->num_prot_blocks;
    else
        num_blocks = p->num_sectors;
 
    COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[1], first);
    if (strcmp(CMD_ARGV[2], "last") == 0)
        last = num_blocks - 1;
    else
        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[2], last);
 
    bool set;
    COMMAND_PARSE_ON_OFF(CMD_ARGV[3], set);
 
    if (!(first <= last)) {
        command_print(CMD, "ERROR: "
            "first %s must be <= last",
            (p->num_prot_blocks) ? "block" : "sector");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    if (!(last <= (uint32_t)(num_blocks - 1))) {
        command_print(CMD, "ERROR: "
            "last %s must be <= %d",
            (p->num_prot_blocks) ? "block" : "sector",
            num_blocks - 1);
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    retval = flash_driver_protect(p, set, first, last);
    if (retval == ERROR_OK) {
        command_print(CMD, "%s protection for %s %" PRIu32
            " through %" PRIu32 " on flash bank %d",
            (set) ? "set" : "cleared",
            (p->num_prot_blocks) ? "blocks" : "sectors",
            first, last, p->bank_number);
    }
 
    return retval;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_flash_write_image_command)
{
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
 
    struct image image;
    uint32_t written;
 
    int retval;
 
    /* flash auto-erase is disabled by default*/
    int auto_erase = 0;
    bool auto_unlock = false;
 
    while (CMD_ARGC) {
        if (strcmp(CMD_ARGV[0], "erase") == 0) {
            auto_erase = 1;
            CMD_ARGV++;
            CMD_ARGC--;
            command_print(CMD, "auto erase enabled");
        } else if (strcmp(CMD_ARGV[0], "unlock") == 0) {
            auto_unlock = true;
            CMD_ARGV++;
            CMD_ARGC--;
            command_print(CMD, "auto unlock enabled");
        } else
            break;
    }
 
    if (CMD_ARGC < 1)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    if (!target) {
        LOG_ERROR("no target selected");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    struct duration bench;
    duration_start(&bench);
 
    if (CMD_ARGC >= 2) {
        image.base_address_set = true;
        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(llong, CMD_ARGV[1], image.base_address);
    } else {
        image.base_address_set = false;
        image.base_address = 0x0;
    }
 
    image.start_address_set = false;
 
    retval = image_open(&image, CMD_ARGV[0], (CMD_ARGC == 3) ? CMD_ARGV[2] : NULL);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        return retval;
 
    retval = flash_write_unlock_verify(target, &image, &written, auto_erase,
        auto_unlock, true, false);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
        image_close(&image);
        return retval;
    }
 
    if ((retval == ERROR_OK) && (duration_measure(&bench) == ERROR_OK)) {
        command_print(CMD, "wrote %" PRIu32 " bytes from file %s "
            "in %fs (%0.3f KiB/s)", written, CMD_ARGV[0],
            duration_elapsed(&bench), duration_kbps(&bench, written));
    }
 
    image_close(&image);
 
    return retval;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_flash_verify_image_command)
{
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
 
    struct image image;
    uint32_t verified;
 
    int retval;
 
    if (CMD_ARGC < 1)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    if (!target) {
        LOG_ERROR("no target selected");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    struct duration bench;
    duration_start(&bench);
 
    if (CMD_ARGC >= 2) {
        image.base_address_set = 1;
        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(llong, CMD_ARGV[1], image.base_address);
    } else {
        image.base_address_set = 0;
        image.base_address = 0x0;
    }
 
    image.start_address_set = 0;
 
    retval = image_open(&image, CMD_ARGV[0], (CMD_ARGC == 3) ? CMD_ARGV[2] : NULL);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        return retval;
 
    retval = flash_write_unlock_verify(target, &image, &verified, false,
        false, false, true);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
        image_close(&image);
        return retval;
    }
 
    if ((retval == ERROR_OK) && (duration_measure(&bench) == ERROR_OK)) {
        command_print(CMD, "verified %" PRIu32 " bytes from file %s "
            "in %fs (%0.3f KiB/s)", verified, CMD_ARGV[0],
            duration_elapsed(&bench), duration_kbps(&bench, verified));
    }
 
    image_close(&image);
 
    return retval;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_flash_fill_command)
{
    target_addr_t address;
    uint64_t pattern;
    uint32_t count;
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
    unsigned int i;
    uint32_t wordsize;
    int retval;
 
    if (CMD_ARGC != 3)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[0], address);
    COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u64, CMD_ARGV[1], pattern);
    COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[2], count);
 
    struct flash_bank *bank;
    retval = get_flash_bank_by_addr(target, address, true, &bank);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        return retval;
 
    switch (CMD_NAME[4]) {
        case 'd':
            wordsize = 8;
            break;
        case 'w':
            wordsize = 4;
            break;
        case 'h':
            wordsize = 2;
            break;
        case 'b':
            wordsize = 1;
            break;
        default:
            return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
    }
 
    if ((wordsize < sizeof(pattern)) && (pattern >> (8 * wordsize) != 0)) {
        command_print(CMD, "Fill pattern 0x%" PRIx64 " does not fit within %" PRIu32 "-byte word", pattern, wordsize);
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    if (count == 0)
        return ERROR_OK;
 
    if (address + count * wordsize > bank->base + bank->size) {
        LOG_ERROR("Cannot cross flash bank borders");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    uint32_t size_bytes = count * wordsize;
    target_addr_t aligned_start = flash_write_align_start(bank, address);
    target_addr_t end_addr = address + size_bytes - 1;
    target_addr_t aligned_end = flash_write_align_end(bank, end_addr);
    uint32_t aligned_size = aligned_end + 1 - aligned_start;
    uint32_t padding_at_start = address - aligned_start;
    uint32_t padding_at_end = aligned_end - end_addr;
 
    uint8_t *buffer = malloc(aligned_size);
    if (!buffer)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
 
    if (padding_at_start) {
        memset(buffer, bank->default_padded_value, padding_at_start);
        LOG_WARNING("Start address " TARGET_ADDR_FMT
            " breaks the required alignment of flash bank %s",
            address, bank->name);
        LOG_WARNING("Padding %" PRIu32 " bytes from " TARGET_ADDR_FMT,
            padding_at_start, aligned_start);
    }
 
    uint8_t *ptr = buffer + padding_at_start;
 
    switch (wordsize) {
        case 8:
            for (i = 0; i < count; i++, ptr += wordsize)
                target_buffer_set_u64(target, ptr, pattern);
            break;
        case 4:
            for (i = 0; i < count; i++, ptr += wordsize)
                target_buffer_set_u32(target, ptr, pattern);
            break;
        case 2:
            for (i = 0; i < count; i++, ptr += wordsize)
                target_buffer_set_u16(target, ptr, pattern);
            break;
        case 1:
            memset(ptr, pattern, count);
            ptr += count;
            break;
        default:
            LOG_ERROR("BUG: can't happen");
            exit(-1);
    }
 
    if (padding_at_end) {
        memset(ptr, bank->default_padded_value, padding_at_end);
        LOG_INFO("Padding at " TARGET_ADDR_FMT " with %" PRIu32
            " bytes (bank write end alignment)",
            end_addr + 1, padding_at_end);
    }
 
    struct duration bench;
    duration_start(&bench);
 
    retval = flash_driver_write(bank, buffer, aligned_start - bank->base, aligned_size);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        goto done;
 
    retval = flash_driver_read(bank, buffer, address - bank->base, size_bytes);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        goto done;
 
    for (i = 0, ptr = buffer; i < count; i++) {
        uint64_t readback = 0;
 
        switch (wordsize) {
            case 8:
                readback = target_buffer_get_u64(target, ptr);
                break;
            case 4:
                readback = target_buffer_get_u32(target, ptr);
                break;
            case 2:
                readback = target_buffer_get_u16(target, ptr);
                break;
            case 1:
                readback = *ptr;
                break;
        }
        if (readback != pattern) {
            LOG_ERROR(
                "Verification error address " TARGET_ADDR_FMT
                ", read back 0x%02" PRIx64 ", expected 0x%02" PRIx64,
                address + i * wordsize, readback, pattern);
            retval = ERROR_FAIL;
            goto done;
        }
        ptr += wordsize;
    }
 
    if ((retval == ERROR_OK) && (duration_measure(&bench) == ERROR_OK)) {
        command_print(CMD, "wrote %" PRIu32 " bytes to " TARGET_ADDR_FMT
            " in %fs (%0.3f KiB/s)", size_bytes, address,
            duration_elapsed(&bench), duration_kbps(&bench, size_bytes));
    }
 
done:
    free(buffer);
 
    return retval;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_flash_md_command)
{
    int retval;
 
    if (CMD_ARGC < 1 || CMD_ARGC > 2)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    target_addr_t address;
    COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[0], address);
 
    uint32_t count = 1;
    if (CMD_ARGC == 2)
        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[1], count);
 
    unsigned int wordsize;
    switch (CMD_NAME[2]) {
        case 'w':
            wordsize = 4;
            break;
        case 'h':
            wordsize = 2;
            break;
        case 'b':
            wordsize = 1;
            break;
        default:
            return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
    }
 
    if (count == 0)
        return ERROR_OK;
 
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
    struct flash_bank *bank;
    retval = get_flash_bank_by_addr(target, address, true, &bank);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        return retval;
 
    uint32_t offset = address - bank->base;
    uint32_t sizebytes = count * wordsize;
    if (offset + sizebytes > bank->size) {
        command_print(CMD, "Cannot cross flash bank borders");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    uint8_t *buffer = calloc(count, wordsize);
    if (!buffer) {
        command_print(CMD, "No memory for flash read buffer");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    retval = flash_driver_read(bank, buffer, offset, sizebytes);
    if (retval == ERROR_OK)
        target_handle_md_output(CMD, target, address, wordsize, count, buffer);
 
    free(buffer);
 
    return retval;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_flash_read_memory_command)
{
    /*
     * CMD_ARGV[0] = memory address
     * CMD_ARGV[1] = desired element width in bits
     * CMD_ARGV[2] = number of elements to read
     */
 
    if (CMD_ARGC != 3)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    /* Arg 1: Memory address. */
    target_addr_t addr;
    COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u64, CMD_ARGV[0], addr);
 
    /* Arg 2: Bit width of one element. */
    unsigned int width_bits;
    COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(uint, CMD_ARGV[1], width_bits);
 
    /* Arg 3: Number of elements to read. */
    unsigned int count;
    COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(uint, CMD_ARGV[2], count);
 
    switch (width_bits) {
    case 8:
    case 16:
    case 32:
    case 64:
        break;
    default:
        command_print(CMD, "invalid width, must be 8, 16, 32 or 64");
        return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
    }
 
    if (count > 65536) {
        command_print(CMD, "too large read request, exceeds 64K elements");
        return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
    }
 
    const unsigned int width = width_bits / 8;
    /* -1 is needed to handle cases when (addr + count * width) results in zero
     * due to overflow.
     */
    if ((addr + count * width - 1) < addr) {
        command_print(CMD, "memory region wraps over address zero");
        return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
    }
 
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
    struct flash_bank *bank;
    int retval = get_flash_bank_by_addr(target, addr, true, &bank);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        return retval;
 
    uint32_t offset = addr - bank->base;
    uint32_t sizebytes = count * width_bits;
    if (offset + sizebytes > bank->size) {
        command_print(CMD, "cannot cross flash bank borders");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    const size_t buffer_size = 4096;
    uint8_t *buffer = malloc(buffer_size);
 
    if (!buffer) {
        command_print(CMD, "failed to allocate memory");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    char *separator = "";
    while (count > 0) {
        const unsigned int max_chunk_len = buffer_size / width;
        const size_t chunk_len = MIN(count, max_chunk_len);
 
        retval = flash_driver_read(bank, buffer, offset, chunk_len * width);
 
        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
            LOG_DEBUG("read at " TARGET_ADDR_FMT " with width=%u and count=%zu failed",
                addr, width_bits, chunk_len);
            /*
             * FIXME: we append the errmsg to the list of value already read.
             * Add a way to flush and replace old output, but LOG_DEBUG() it
             */
            command_print(CMD, "failed to read memory");
            free(buffer);
            return retval;
        }
 
        for (size_t i = 0; i < chunk_len ; i++) {
            uint64_t v = 0;
 
            switch (width) {
            case 8:
                v = target_buffer_get_u64(target, &buffer[i * width]);
                break;
            case 4:
                v = target_buffer_get_u32(target, &buffer[i * width]);
                break;
            case 2:
                v = target_buffer_get_u16(target, &buffer[i * width]);
                break;
            case 1:
                v = buffer[i];
                break;
            }
 
            command_print_sameline(CMD, "%s0x%" PRIx64, separator, v);
            separator = " ";
        }
 
        count -= chunk_len;
        offset += chunk_len * width;
    }
 
    free(buffer);
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_flash_write_bank_command)
{
    uint32_t offset;
    uint8_t *buffer;
    size_t length;
    struct fileio *fileio;
 
    if (CMD_ARGC < 2 || CMD_ARGC > 3)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    struct duration bench;
    duration_start(&bench);
 
    struct flash_bank *bank;
    int retval = CALL_COMMAND_HANDLER(flash_command_get_bank, 0, &bank);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        return retval;
 
    offset = 0;
 
    if (CMD_ARGC > 2)
        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[2], offset);
 
    if (offset > bank->size) {
        LOG_ERROR("Offset 0x%8.8" PRIx32 " is out of range of the flash bank",
            offset);
        return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
    }
 
    if (fileio_open(&fileio, CMD_ARGV[1], FILEIO_READ, FILEIO_BINARY) != ERROR_OK)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
 
    size_t filesize;
    retval = fileio_size(fileio, &filesize);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
        fileio_close(fileio);
        return retval;
    }
 
    length = MIN(filesize, bank->size - offset);
 
    if (!length) {
        LOG_INFO("Nothing to write to flash bank");
        fileio_close(fileio);
        return ERROR_OK;
    }
 
    if (length != filesize)
        LOG_INFO("File content exceeds flash bank size. Only writing the "
            "first %zu bytes of the file", length);
 
    target_addr_t start_addr = bank->base + offset;
    target_addr_t aligned_start = flash_write_align_start(bank, start_addr);
    target_addr_t end_addr = start_addr + length - 1;
    target_addr_t aligned_end = flash_write_align_end(bank, end_addr);
    uint32_t aligned_size = aligned_end + 1 - aligned_start;
    uint32_t padding_at_start = start_addr - aligned_start;
    uint32_t padding_at_end = aligned_end - end_addr;
 
    buffer = malloc(aligned_size);
    if (!buffer) {
        fileio_close(fileio);
        LOG_ERROR("Out of memory");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    if (padding_at_start) {
        memset(buffer, bank->default_padded_value, padding_at_start);
        LOG_WARNING("Start offset 0x%08" PRIx32
            " breaks the required alignment of flash bank %s",
            offset, bank->name);
        LOG_WARNING("Padding %" PRIu32 " bytes from " TARGET_ADDR_FMT,
            padding_at_start, aligned_start);
    }
 
    uint8_t *ptr = buffer + padding_at_start;
    size_t buf_cnt;
    if (fileio_read(fileio, length, ptr, &buf_cnt) != ERROR_OK) {
        free(buffer);
        fileio_close(fileio);
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    if (buf_cnt != length) {
        LOG_ERROR("Short read");
        free(buffer);
        fileio_close(fileio);
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    ptr += length;
 
    if (padding_at_end) {
        memset(ptr, bank->default_padded_value, padding_at_end);
        LOG_INFO("Padding at " TARGET_ADDR_FMT " with %" PRIu32
            " bytes (bank write end alignment)",
            end_addr + 1, padding_at_end);
    }
 
    retval = flash_driver_write(bank, buffer, aligned_start - bank->base, aligned_size);
 
    free(buffer);
 
    if ((retval == ERROR_OK) && (duration_measure(&bench) == ERROR_OK)) {
        command_print(CMD, "wrote %zu bytes from file %s to flash bank %u"
            " at offset 0x%8.8" PRIx32 " in %fs (%0.3f KiB/s)",
            length, CMD_ARGV[1], bank->bank_number, offset,
            duration_elapsed(&bench), duration_kbps(&bench, length));
    }
 
    fileio_close(fileio);
 
    return retval;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_flash_read_bank_command)
{
    uint32_t offset;
    uint8_t *buffer;
    struct fileio *fileio;
    uint32_t length;
    size_t written;
 
    if (CMD_ARGC < 2 || CMD_ARGC > 4)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    struct duration bench;
    duration_start(&bench);
 
    struct flash_bank *p;
    int retval = CALL_COMMAND_HANDLER(flash_command_get_bank, 0, &p);
 
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        return retval;
 
    offset = 0;
 
    if (CMD_ARGC > 2)
        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[2], offset);
 
    if (offset > p->size) {
        LOG_ERROR("Offset 0x%8.8" PRIx32 " is out of range of the flash bank",
            offset);
        return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
    }
 
    length = p->size - offset;
 
    if (CMD_ARGC > 3)
        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[3], length);
 
    if (offset + length > p->size) {
        LOG_ERROR("Length of %" PRIu32 " bytes with offset 0x%8.8" PRIx32
            " is out of range of the flash bank", length, offset);
        return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
    }
 
    buffer = malloc(length);
    if (!buffer) {
        LOG_ERROR("Out of memory");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    retval = flash_driver_read(p, buffer, offset, length);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
        LOG_ERROR("Read error");
        free(buffer);
        return retval;
    }
 
    retval = fileio_open(&fileio, CMD_ARGV[1], FILEIO_WRITE, FILEIO_BINARY);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
        LOG_ERROR("Could not open file");
        free(buffer);
        return retval;
    }
 
    retval = fileio_write(fileio, length, buffer, &written);
    fileio_close(fileio);
    free(buffer);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
        LOG_ERROR("Could not write file");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    if (duration_measure(&bench) == ERROR_OK)
        command_print(CMD, "wrote %zd bytes to file %s from flash bank %u"
            " at offset 0x%8.8" PRIx32 " in %fs (%0.3f KiB/s)",
            written, CMD_ARGV[1], p->bank_number, offset,
            duration_elapsed(&bench), duration_kbps(&bench, written));
 
    return retval;
}
 
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_flash_verify_bank_command)
{
    uint32_t offset;
    uint8_t *buffer_file, *buffer_flash;
    struct fileio *fileio;
    size_t read_cnt;
    size_t filesize;
    size_t length;
    int differ;
 
    if (CMD_ARGC < 2 || CMD_ARGC > 3)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    struct duration bench;
    duration_start(&bench);
 
    struct flash_bank *p;
    int retval = CALL_COMMAND_HANDLER(flash_command_get_bank, 0, &p);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        return retval;
 
    offset = 0;
 
    if (CMD_ARGC > 2)
        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[2], offset);
 
    if (offset > p->size) {
        LOG_ERROR("Offset 0x%8.8" PRIx32 " is out of range of the flash bank",
            offset);
        return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
    }
 
    retval = fileio_open(&fileio, CMD_ARGV[1], FILEIO_READ, FILEIO_BINARY);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
        LOG_ERROR("Could not open file");
        return retval;
    }
 
    retval = fileio_size(fileio, &filesize);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
        fileio_close(fileio);
        return retval;
    }
 
    length = MIN(filesize, p->size - offset);
 
    if (!length) {
        LOG_INFO("Nothing to compare with flash bank");
        fileio_close(fileio);
        return ERROR_OK;
    }
 
    if (length != filesize)
        LOG_INFO("File content exceeds flash bank size. Only comparing the "
            "first %zu bytes of the file", length);
 
    buffer_file = malloc(length);
    if (!buffer_file) {
        LOG_ERROR("Out of memory");
        fileio_close(fileio);
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    retval = fileio_read(fileio, length, buffer_file, &read_cnt);
    fileio_close(fileio);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
        LOG_ERROR("File read failure");
        free(buffer_file);
        return retval;
    }
 
    if (read_cnt != length) {
        LOG_ERROR("Short read");
        free(buffer_file);
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    buffer_flash = malloc(length);
    if (!buffer_flash) {
        LOG_ERROR("Out of memory");
        free(buffer_file);
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    retval = flash_driver_read(p, buffer_flash, offset, length);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
        LOG_ERROR("Flash read error");
        free(buffer_flash);
        free(buffer_file);
        return retval;
    }
 
    if (duration_measure(&bench) == ERROR_OK)
        command_print(CMD, "read %zd bytes from file %s and flash bank %u"
            " at offset 0x%8.8" PRIx32 " in %fs (%0.3f KiB/s)",
            length, CMD_ARGV[1], p->bank_number, offset,
            duration_elapsed(&bench), duration_kbps(&bench, length));
 
    differ = memcmp(buffer_file, buffer_flash, length);
    command_print(CMD, "contents %s", differ ? "differ" : "match");
    if (differ) {
        uint32_t t;
        int diffs = 0;
        for (t = 0; t < length; t++) {
            if (buffer_flash[t] == buffer_file[t])
                continue;
            command_print(CMD, "diff %d address 0x%08" PRIx32 ". Was 0x%02x instead of 0x%02x",
                    diffs, t + offset, buffer_flash[t], buffer_file[t]);
            if (diffs++ >= 127) {
                command_print(CMD, "More than 128 errors, the rest are not printed.");
                break;
            }
            keep_alive();
        }
    }
    free(buffer_flash);
    free(buffer_file);
 
    return differ ? ERROR_FAIL : ERROR_OK;
}
 
void flash_set_dirty(void)
{
    struct flash_bank *c;
 
    /* set all flash to require erasing */
    for (c = flash_bank_list(); c; c = c->next) {
        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < c->num_sectors; i++)
            c->sectors[i].is_erased = 0;
    }
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_flash_padded_value_command)
{
    if (CMD_ARGC != 2)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    struct flash_bank *p;
    int retval = CALL_COMMAND_HANDLER(flash_command_get_bank, 0, &p);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        return retval;
 
    COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u8, CMD_ARGV[1], p->default_padded_value);
 
    command_print(CMD, "Default padded value set to 0x%" PRIx8 " for flash bank %u",
            p->default_padded_value, p->bank_number);
 
    return retval;
}
 
static const struct command_registration flash_exec_command_handlers[] = {
    {
        .name = "probe",
        .handler = handle_flash_probe_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .usage = "bank_id",
        .help = "Identify a flash bank.",
    },
    {
        .name = "info",
        .handler = handle_flash_info_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .usage = "bank_id ['sectors']",
        .help = "Print information about a flash bank.",
    },
    {
        .name = "erase_check",
        .handler = handle_flash_erase_check_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .usage = "bank_id",
        .help = "Check erase state of all blocks in a "
            "flash bank.",
    },
    {
        .name = "erase_sector",
        .handler = handle_flash_erase_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .usage = "bank_id first_sector_num (last_sector_num|'last')",
        .help = "Erase a range of sectors in a flash bank.",
    },
    {
        .name = "erase_address",
        .handler = handle_flash_erase_address_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .usage = "['pad'] ['unlock'] address length",
        .help = "Erase flash sectors starting at address and "
            "continuing for length bytes.  If 'pad' is specified, "
            "data outside that range may also be erased: the start "
            "address may be decreased, and length increased, so "
            "that all of the first and last sectors are erased. "
            "If 'unlock' is specified, then the flash is unprotected "
            "before erasing.",
 
    },
    {
        .name = "filld",
        .handler = handle_flash_fill_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .usage = "address value n",
        .help = "Fill n double-words with 64-bit value, starting at "
            "word address.  (No autoerase.)",
    },
    {
        .name = "fillw",
        .handler = handle_flash_fill_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .usage = "address value n",
        .help = "Fill n words with 32-bit value, starting at "
            "word address.  (No autoerase.)",
    },
    {
        .name = "fillh",
        .handler = handle_flash_fill_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .usage = "address value n",
        .help = "Fill n halfwords with 16-bit value, starting at "
            "word address.  (No autoerase.)",
    },
    {
        .name = "fillb",
        .handler = handle_flash_fill_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .usage = "address value n",
        .help = "Fill n bytes with 8-bit value, starting at "
            "word address.  (No autoerase.)",
    },
    {
        .name = "mdb",
        .handler = handle_flash_md_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .usage = "address [count]",
        .help = "Display bytes from flash.",
    },
    {
        .name = "mdh",
        .handler = handle_flash_md_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .usage = "address [count]",
        .help = "Display half-words from flash.",
    },
    {
        .name = "mdw",
        .handler = handle_flash_md_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .usage = "address [count]",
        .help = "Display words from flash.",
    },
    {
        .name = "read_memory",
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .handler = handle_flash_read_memory_command,
        .help = "Read Tcl list of 8/16/32/64 bit numbers from flash memory",
        .usage = "address width count",
    },
    {
        .name = "write_bank",
        .handler = handle_flash_write_bank_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .usage = "bank_id filename [offset]",
        .help = "Write binary data from file to flash bank. Allow optional "
            "offset from beginning of the bank (defaults to zero).",
    },
    {
        .name = "write_image",
        .handler = handle_flash_write_image_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .usage = "[erase] [unlock] filename [offset [file_type]]",
        .help = "Write an image to flash.  Optionally first unprotect "
            "and/or erase the region to be used. Allow optional "
            "offset from beginning of bank (defaults to zero)",
    },
    {
        .name = "verify_image",
        .handler = handle_flash_verify_image_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .usage = "filename [offset [file_type]]",
        .help = "Verify an image against flash. Allow optional "
            "offset from beginning of bank (defaults to zero)",
    },
    {
        .name = "read_bank",
        .handler = handle_flash_read_bank_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .usage = "bank_id filename [offset [length]]",
        .help = "Read binary data from flash bank to file. Allow optional "
            "offset from beginning of the bank (defaults to zero).",
    },
    {
        .name = "verify_bank",
        .handler = handle_flash_verify_bank_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .usage = "bank_id filename [offset]",
        .help = "Compare the contents of a file with the contents of the "
            "flash bank. Allow optional offset from beginning of the bank "
            "(defaults to zero).",
    },
    {
        .name = "protect",
        .handler = handle_flash_protect_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .usage = "bank_id first_block [last_block|'last'] "
            "('on'|'off')",
        .help = "Turn protection on or off for a range of protection "
            "blocks or sectors in a given flash bank. "
            "See 'flash info' output for a list of blocks.",
    },
    {
        .name = "padded_value",
        .handler = handle_flash_padded_value_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .usage = "bank_id value",
        .help = "Set default flash padded value",
    },
    COMMAND_REGISTRATION_DONE
};
 
static int flash_init_drivers(struct command_context *cmd_ctx)
{
    if (!flash_bank_list())
        return ERROR_OK;
 
    return register_commands(cmd_ctx, "flash", flash_exec_command_handlers);
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_flash_bank_command)
{
    if (CMD_ARGC < 7) {
        LOG_ERROR("usage: flash bank <name> <driver> "
            "<base> <size> <chip_width> <bus_width> <target>");
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
    }
    /* save bank name and advance arguments for compatibility */
    const char *bank_name = *CMD_ARGV++;
    CMD_ARGC--;
 
    struct target *target = get_target(CMD_ARGV[5]);
    if (!target) {
        LOG_ERROR("target '%s' not defined", CMD_ARGV[5]);
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    const char *driver_name = CMD_ARGV[0];
    const struct flash_driver *driver = flash_driver_find_by_name(driver_name);
    if (!driver) {
        /* no matching flash driver found */
        LOG_ERROR("flash driver '%s' not found", driver_name);
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    /* check the flash bank name is unique */
    if (get_flash_bank_by_name_noprobe(bank_name)) {
        /* flash bank name already exists  */
        LOG_ERROR("flash bank name '%s' already exists", bank_name);
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    /* register flash specific commands */
    if (driver->commands) {
        int retval = register_commands(CMD_CTX, NULL, driver->commands);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
            LOG_ERROR("couldn't register '%s' commands",
                driver_name);
            return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
    }
 
    struct flash_bank *c = calloc(1, sizeof(*c));
    c->name = strdup(bank_name);
    c->target = target;
    c->driver = driver;
    COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(target_addr, CMD_ARGV[1], c->base);
    COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[2], c->size);
    COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(uint, CMD_ARGV[3], c->chip_width);
    COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(uint, CMD_ARGV[4], c->bus_width);
    c->default_padded_value = c->erased_value = 0xff;
    c->minimal_write_gap = FLASH_WRITE_GAP_SECTOR;
 
    int retval;
    retval = CALL_COMMAND_HANDLER(driver->flash_bank_command, c);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
        LOG_ERROR("'%s' driver rejected flash bank at " TARGET_ADDR_FMT
                "; usage: %s", driver_name, c->base, driver->usage);
        free(c->name);
        free(c);
        return retval;
    }
 
    if (!driver->usage)
        LOG_DEBUG("'%s' driver usage field missing", driver_name);
 
    flash_bank_add(c);
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_flash_banks_command)
{
    if (CMD_ARGC != 0)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    unsigned int n = 0;
    for (struct flash_bank *p = flash_bank_list(); p; p = p->next, n++) {
        command_print(CMD, "#%d : %s (%s) at " TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", size 0x%8.8" PRIx32 ", "
            "buswidth %u, chipwidth %u", p->bank_number,
            p->name, p->driver->name, p->base, p->size,
            p->bus_width, p->chip_width);
    }
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_flash_list)
{
    if (CMD_ARGC != 0)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    for (struct flash_bank *p = flash_bank_list(); p; p = p->next) {
        command_print(CMD,
            "{\n"
            "    name       %s\n"
            "    driver     %s\n"
            "    base       " TARGET_ADDR_FMT "\n"
            "    size       0x%" PRIx32 "\n"
            "    bus_width  %u\n"
            "    chip_width %u\n"
            "    target     %s\n"
            "}",
            p->name, p->driver->name, p->base, p->size, p->bus_width, p->chip_width,
            target_name(p->target));
    }
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_flash_init_command)
{
    if (CMD_ARGC != 0)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    static bool flash_initialized;
    if (flash_initialized) {
        LOG_INFO("'flash init' has already been called");
        return ERROR_OK;
    }
    flash_initialized = true;
 
    LOG_DEBUG("Initializing flash devices...");
    return flash_init_drivers(CMD_CTX);
}
 
static const struct command_registration flash_config_command_handlers[] = {
    {
        .name = "bank",
        .handler = handle_flash_bank_command,
        .mode = COMMAND_CONFIG,
        .usage = "bank_id driver_name base_address size_bytes "
            "chip_width_bytes bus_width_bytes target "
            "[driver_options ...]",
        .help = "Define a new bank with the given name, "
            "using the specified NOR flash driver.",
    },
    {
        .name = "init",
        .mode = COMMAND_CONFIG,
        .handler = handle_flash_init_command,
        .help = "Initialize flash devices.",
        .usage = "",
    },
    {
        .name = "banks",
        .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
        .handler = handle_flash_banks_command,
        .help = "Display table with information about flash banks.",
        .usage = "",
    },
    {
        .name = "list",
        .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
        .handler = handle_flash_list,
        .help = "Returns a list of details about the flash banks.",
        .usage = "",
    },
    COMMAND_REGISTRATION_DONE
};
static const struct command_registration flash_command_handlers[] = {
    {
        .name = "flash",
        .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
        .help = "NOR flash command group",
        .chain = flash_config_command_handlers,
        .usage = "",
    },
    COMMAND_REGISTRATION_DONE
};
 
int flash_register_commands(struct command_context *cmd_ctx)
{
    return register_commands(cmd_ctx, NULL, flash_command_handlers);
}